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Biology Lecture Exam 1 > Biology Lab Practical > Flashcards

Biology Lab Practical Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Abbrev for Mass

A

Grams (g)

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2
Q

Abbrev for Length/Distance

A

Meter (m)

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3
Q

Abbrev for Liquid volume

A

Liter (L)

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4
Q

Kilo (k)

A

1000 (or 1 x 10^3)

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5
Q

Mili (m)

A

0.001 (or 1 x 10^-3)

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6
Q

Micro

A

0.000001 (or 1 x 10^-6)

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7
Q

Nano (n)

A

0.000000001 (or 1 x 10^-9)

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8
Q

Metric conversion for Mass

A

1 kilogram (kg) = 1000 grams (g)
1 g = 1000 milligrams (mg)
1 mg = 1000 micrograms (μg)

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9
Q

Metric conversion for Distance

A

1 meter (m) = 100 cm
1 centimeter (cm) = 10 millimeters
(mm)
1 mm = 1000 micrometers (μm)
1 μm = 1000 nanometers (nm)

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10
Q

Metric conversion for Volume

A

1liter(L)= 100 centiliters(cL)
1liter(L)= 10 deciliters(dL)
1 liter (L) = 1000 milliliters (mL)
1 mL = 1000 microliters (μL)

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11
Q

Converting a LARGER unit to a SMALLER unit you….

A

MULTIPLY the larger unit by the conversion factor.

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12
Q

Converting a SMALLER unit to a LARGER unit you…

A

DIVIDE the smaller unit by the conversion factor.

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13
Q

Dependent Variable

A

The effect, or response variable
Typically the effect of the Independent variable

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14
Q

Independent Variable

A

The cause or manipulated variable
Typically the what is being tested

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15
Q

Equation to calculate Accuracy

A

% error

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16
Q

Equation to calculate Precision

A

% SD (standard deviation)

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17
Q

Standard Deviation (SD)

A

is a measure of how much variation occurs in a set of measurements (at least three) when compared to the Mean.

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18
Q

The T-Test that = P VALUE
When dealing with a hypothesis

A

the t-test is a P VALUE, which can be thought of as the probability that there is NO difference between the means.
P > 0.05, the null hypothesis is accepted
P ≤ 0.05, the null hypotheses is rejected and the alternative is accepted

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19
Q

Spectroscopy

A

study of the absorption and emission of light and other radiation by matter

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20
Q

Passive transport

A

When molecules move through the membrane and into the cell without using energy ( with transport proteins /without).
- Moves WITH the concentration gradient. (High to Low)

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21
Q

Active transport

A

When a molecule requires energy to preform exocytosis, which moves the molecules against the concentration gradient (Low to High)

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22
Q

How many chromosomes are in a human body?

A

23 pairs

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23
Q

Total magnification

A

= ocular mag. X objective mag.

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24
Q

Microscope parts: Objective lens

A

The rotating dial that has different lens sizes for magnification of the image

25
Q

Microscope parts: Stage

A

The platform that you place a side. Stage is movable with two knobs located right under it

26
Q

Microscope parts: Light source

A

Contains a bulb to generate light to pass through the object on the side

27
Q

Microscope parts: Iris diagram

A

Part of the condenser unit directly below the stage and acts like a camera iris, helps focus’s light on two the object on the side

28
Q

Microscope parts: Condenser

A

Provides the best balance of resolution and contras
Focusses the light on the specimen by allowing it to move up and down

29
Q

Microscope parts: Coarse focus

A

Helps bring the objective to focus in large steps. Is only used on 4x and 10x objectives!

30
Q

Microscope parts: Fine Focus

A

Alters the focus in small increments

31
Q

Microscope parts: Slide Clamp

A

The clamp that holds the slide in place

32
Q

Resolving distance RD

A

The minimum distance two objects must be apart to be seen as separate

33
Q

Resolution

A

Is the ability to distinguish two nearby objects as separate

34
Q

Dialysis membrane

A

Composed of synthetic polymers that interlock

35
Q

Chloride ion stain

A

sliver nitrate
Positive — white precipitate
Negative — clear solution

36
Q

Starch stain

A

Iodine
Positive — purple/black color
Negative — orange/yellow color

37
Q

Protein (albumin) stain

A

Biuret reagent
Positive — lavender/ violet
Negative — light blue

38
Q

Osmosis

A

The movement of free, unbound water molecules across a membrane.

39
Q

Alternative hypothesis

A

Is always phrased in case the null hypothesis is not supported by the t-test. If not supported, you may conclude that there is a SIGNIFICANCE between the two means.

40
Q

Null hypothesis

A

which states that the means of the two groups are the same (i.e. NO difference)

41
Q

Cell wall

A

The wall surrounding the plasma membrane

42
Q

Acceptable Precision

A

< or = to 5% SD from the mean

43
Q

R^2

A

Has to do with the CORRELATION of p-value
Range from 0 (0%) to 1 (100%); the higher the R2, the more precisely you can predict the value of the dependent variable based on the value of the independent variable, or the better the correlation between the two variables.

44
Q

G1

A

1st gap phase - cell enlargement

45
Q

S

A

Synthesis phase; DNA replication
During this stage the chromosomes duplicate

46
Q

G2

A

2nd gap phase; cells prepare to divide

47
Q

M phase

A

Mitosis and cytokinesis
Cells divide

48
Q

G0

A

Becomes its own cell/separate from cycle

49
Q

Meiosis

A

Producing haploid gametes

50
Q

Mitosis

A

Produces identical daughter cells

51
Q

Prophase

A

Chromosomes gather together

52
Q

Interphase

A

Stages G1, S, G2

53
Q

Metaphase

A

All chromosomes gather in the middle of the cell in a line

54
Q

Anaphase

A

Chromosomes are pulled to either side and separate

55
Q

Telephase

A

Cells begins to divide

56
Q

Haploid

A

Having 1 copy of each chromosomes

57
Q

Diploid

A

Having 2 copies of each chromosomes

58
Q

P value for best fit line

A

Is the correlation between the IV and the DV is real or by chance
P> 5% or 0.05 = correlation is due to chance
P< or = 5% or 0.05 = real correlation

59
Q
A

Biology Lecture Exam 1 (4 decks)

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