Biology Lab Practical

Question 1

Abbrev for Mass

Answer 1

Grams (g)

Question 2

Abbrev for Length/Distance

Answer 2

Meter (m)

Question 3

Abbrev for Liquid volume

Answer 3

Liter (L)

Question 4

Kilo (k)

Answer 4

1000 (or 1 x 10^3)

Question 5

Mili (m)

Answer 5

0.001 (or 1 x 10^-3)

Question 6

Micro

Answer 6

0.000001 (or 1 x 10^-6)

Question 7

Nano (n)

Answer 7

0.000000001 (or 1 x 10^-9)

Question 8

Metric conversion for Mass

Answer 8

1 kilogram (kg) = 1000 grams (g)
1 g = 1000 milligrams (mg)
1 mg = 1000 micrograms (μg)

Question 9

Metric conversion for Distance

Answer 9

1 meter (m) = 100 cm
1 centimeter (cm) = 10 millimeters
(mm)
1 mm = 1000 micrometers (μm)
1 μm = 1000 nanometers (nm)

Question 10

Metric conversion for Volume

Answer 10

1liter(L)= 100 centiliters(cL)
1liter(L)= 10 deciliters(dL)
1 liter (L) = 1000 milliliters (mL)
1 mL = 1000 microliters (μL)

Question 11

Converting a LARGER unit to a SMALLER unit you….

Answer 11

MULTIPLY the larger unit by the conversion factor.

Question 12

Converting a SMALLER unit to a LARGER unit you…

Answer 12

DIVIDE the smaller unit by the conversion factor.

Question 13

Dependent Variable

Answer 13

The effect, or response variable
Typically the effect of the Independent variable

Question 14

Independent Variable

Answer 14

The cause or manipulated variable
Typically the what is being tested

Question 15

Equation to calculate Accuracy

Answer 15

% error

Question 16

Equation to calculate Precision

Answer 16

% SD (standard deviation)

Question 17

Standard Deviation (SD)

Answer 17

is a measure of how much variation occurs in a set of measurements (at least three) when compared to the Mean.

Question 18

The T-Test that = P VALUE
When dealing with a hypothesis

Answer 18

the t-test is a P VALUE, which can be thought of as the probability that there is NO difference between the means.
P > 0.05, the null hypothesis is accepted
P ≤ 0.05, the null hypotheses is rejected and the alternative is accepted

Question 19

Spectroscopy

Answer 19

study of the absorption and emission of light and other radiation by matter

Question 20

Passive transport

Answer 20

When molecules move through the membrane and into the cell without using energy ( with transport proteins /without).
- Moves WITH the concentration gradient. (High to Low)

Question 21

Active transport

Answer 21

When a molecule requires energy to preform exocytosis, which moves the molecules against the concentration gradient (Low to High)

Question 22

How many chromosomes are in a human body?

Answer 22

23 pairs

Question 23

Total magnification

Answer 23

= ocular mag. X objective mag.

Question 24

Microscope parts: Objective lens

Answer 24

The rotating dial that has different lens sizes for magnification of the image

Question 25

Microscope parts: Stage

Answer 25

The platform that you place a side. Stage is movable with two knobs located right under it

Question 26

Microscope parts: Light source

Answer 26

Contains a bulb to generate light to pass through the object on the side

Question 27

Microscope parts: Iris diagram

Answer 27

Part of the condenser unit directly below the stage and acts like a camera iris, helps focus’s light on two the object on the side

Question 28

Microscope parts: Condenser

Answer 28

Provides the best balance of resolution and contras Focusses the light on the specimen by allowing it to move up and down

Question 29

Microscope parts: Coarse focus

Answer 29

Helps bring the objective to focus in large steps. Is only used on 4x and 10x objectives!

Question 30

Microscope parts: Fine Focus

Answer 30

Alters the focus in small increments

Question 31

Microscope parts: Slide Clamp

Answer 31

The clamp that holds the slide in place

Question 32

Resolving distance RD

Answer 32

The minimum distance two objects must be apart to be seen as separate

Question 33

Resolution

Answer 33

Is the ability to distinguish two nearby objects as separate

Question 34

Dialysis membrane

Answer 34

Composed of synthetic polymers that interlock

Question 35

Chloride ion stain

Answer 35

sliver nitrate Positive — white precipitate Negative — clear solution

Question 36

Starch stain

Answer 36

Iodine Positive — purple/black color Negative — orange/yellow color

Question 37

Protein (albumin) stain

Answer 37

Biuret reagent Positive — lavender/ violet Negative — light blue

Question 38

Osmosis

Answer 38

The movement of free, unbound water molecules across a membrane.

Question 39

Alternative hypothesis

Answer 39

Is always phrased in case the null hypothesis is not supported by the t-test. If not supported, you may conclude that there is a SIGNIFICANCE between the two means.

Question 40

Null hypothesis

Answer 40

which states that the means of the two groups are the same (i.e. NO difference)

Question 41

Cell wall

Answer 41

The wall surrounding the plasma membrane

Question 42

Acceptable Precision

Answer 42

< or = to 5% SD from the mean

Question 43

R^2

Answer 43

Has to do with the CORRELATION of p-value Range from 0 (0%) to 1 (100%); the higher the R2, the more precisely you can predict the value of the dependent variable based on the value of the independent variable, or the better the correlation between the two variables.

Question 44

G1

Answer 44

1st gap phase - cell enlargement

Question 45

S

Answer 45

Synthesis phase; DNA replication During this stage the chromosomes duplicate

Question 46

G2

Answer 46

2nd gap phase; cells prepare to divide

Question 47

M phase

Answer 47

Mitosis and cytokinesis Cells divide

Question 48

G0

Answer 48

Becomes its own cell/separate from cycle

Question 49

Meiosis

Answer 49

Producing haploid gametes

Question 50

Mitosis

Answer 50

Produces identical daughter cells

Question 51

Prophase

Answer 51

Chromosomes gather together

Question 52

Interphase

Answer 52

Stages G1, S, G2

Question 53

Metaphase

Answer 53

All chromosomes gather in the middle of the cell in a line

Question 54

Anaphase

Answer 54

Chromosomes are pulled to either side and separate

Question 55

Telephase

Answer 55

Cells begins to divide

Question 56

Haploid

Answer 56

Having 1 copy of each chromosomes

Question 57

Diploid

Answer 57

Having 2 copies of each chromosomes

Question 58

P value for best fit line

Answer 58

Is the correlation between the IV and the DV is real or by chance P> 5% or 0.05 = correlation is due to chance P< or = 5% or 0.05 = real correlation