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Exchange Year > Biology (Genetics) > Flashcards

Biology (Genetics) Flashcards

1
Q

Allele

A

Allele (One form of a gene)

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2
Q

Anticodon

A

Anticodon (3 letter part of the tRNA that complements 3 letter part of mRNA codon)

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3
Q

Anitparallel

A

Antiparallel (Parallel but running in opposite directions)

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4
Q

Antigen

A

Antigen (Markers on blood cells)

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5
Q

Anaphase

A

Anaphase (Stage of mitosis where chromosomes move away)

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6
Q

Fruchtwasseruntersuchung

A

Amniocentesis (Medical procedure used to study chromosomes of fetus)

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7
Q

Autosomen

A

Autosomes (Body chromosomes that do not determine gender)

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8
Q

Blastula

A

Blastula (Ball of cells at embryo stage)

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9
Q

Carcinogen

A

Carcinogen (Something that causes cancer)

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10
Q

Centromer

A

Centromere (Middle part of a chromosome)

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11
Q

Chromatin

A

Chromatin (Unstructured DNA material that carries genetic information)

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12
Q

Chromosom

A

Chromosome (Structures that carry genetic information)

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13
Q

Klonen

A

Cloning (Making an identical genetic copy of something)

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14
Q

Kodominanz

A

Codominant (A genetic trait when both the dominant and recessive alleles are shown)

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15
Q

Codon

A

Codon (3 letter part of mRNA that matches anticodon site on tRNA)

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16
Q

Zellteilung

A

Cytokinesis (Division of cell contents after the genetic material has divided)

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17
Q

Dihybrid

A

Dihybrid (A genetic cross involving two traits)

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18
Q

Diploid

A

Doploid (Two copies of a chromosome)

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19
Q

Embryo

A

Embryo (Early stage of human (up to 8 weeks))

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20
Q

Befruchtung

A

Fertilization (A process which joins the egg and the sperm)

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21
Q

Fötus

A

Fetus (Later stage of human development from 9 weeks to birth)

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22
Q

Gamet

A

Gamete (Sex cell)

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23
Q

Gametogonese

A

Gametogonesis (Formation of sperm and egg cells)

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24
Q

Gelelektrophorese

A

Gel Electrophoresis (Technique used to separate molecules (DNA) based on their size)

25
Q

Genotyp

A

Genotype (The alleles of a gene in an individual)

26
Q

Haploid

A

Haploid (One copy of a chromosome)

27
Q

Heterozygot

A

Heterozygous (A genetic trait that has one dominant and one recessive allele)

28
Q

Homologe Chromosomen

A

Homologous Chromosome (Chromosomes that have the same size and genetic information)

29
Q

Homozygot

A

Homozygous (A genetic trait that has two of the same alleles either two dominant or two recessive alleles)

30
Q

Karyotyp

A

Karyotype (A picture of human chromosomes arranged by size)

31
Q

Meiose

A

Meiosis (A method used to produce sex cells (sperm and egg))

32
Q

Metaphase

A

Metaphase (Stage of mitosis where chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell)

33
Q

Metastase

A

Metastasis (Spreading of cancer from one area of body to another)

34
Q

Mitose

A

Mitosis (Stages of cell division)

35
Q

Monohybrid

A

Monohybrid (A genetic cross incolcing one trait)

36
Q

Monosomie

A

Monosomy (A genetic disorder that has a single chromosome instead of a normal pair of chromosomes. Example: Turner Syndrome)

37
Q

Mutation

A

Mutation (Changes in structure of DNA (insertion, substitution, deletion, etc)

38
Q

Non-Disjunction

A

Non-Disjunction (When chromosomes do not separate properly, can lead to genetic disorder)

39
Q

Unbefruchtete Eizelle

A

Ootid (An ovum that is NOT fertilized)

40
Q

Ovum

A

Ovum (Egg cell)

41
Q

Stammbaum

A

Pedigree (Diagram showing the passing on of a genetic trait in a family)

42
Q

Phosphodiesterbindung

A

Phosphodiester Bond (Chemical bond between sugar and phosphate group in DNA)

43
Q

Plasmid

A

Plasmid (Bacterial DNA found outside the main chromosome)

44
Q

Polyploid

A

Polyploid (Many copies of a chromosome)

45
Q

Phänotyp

A

Phenotype (How an organism looks)

46
Q

Pluripotente Stammzelle

A

Pluripotent Cells (Cells that can become MANY (but not all) different types of tissue)

47
Q

Prophase

A

Prophase (Early stage of mitosis)

48
Q

Rezessiv

A

Recessive (The weaker form of a gene)

49
Q

Semikonservative Replikation

A

Semiconservative Replication (Method used to make a copy of DNA)

50
Q

Somatische Zelle

A

Somatic Cells (Cells in a living thing that are NOT the sex cells (gemetes))

51
Q

Spindelfaser

A

Spindle Fibre (Protein structures that chromosomes move along)

52
Q

Stammzelle

A

Stem Cells (Generalized cells that have the ability to become different types of tissue)

53
Q

Synapse

A

Synapsis (Pairing of homologous chromosomes)

54
Q

Telophase

A

Telophase (End stage of mitosis)

55
Q

Totipotent

A

Totipotent (Stem cells that can becoime anything)

56
Q

Transkription

A

Transcription (Making RNA from DNA)

57
Q

Trisomie

A

Trisomy (A genetic disorder that has 3 chromosomes instead of a normal pair of chromosomes)

58
Q
A

Exchange Year (11 decks)

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