biology EXAM #4 pt. 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Hereditary information is… using…

It is the DNA program:

A

Is encoded in the chemical language of DNA and reproduced in all the cells of your body (using C, G, T, A nucleotides)

That directs the development of many different types of traits (phenotypes)

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2
Q

Early in the 20th century the identification of the molecules of inheritance loomed as a:

T.H. Morgan et al. suggested that genes are located in :

Not clear yet if ____ or _____ is the genetic material

A

major challenge to biologists

chromosomes

DNA or Protein

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3
Q

The role of DNA in heredity was first worked out by:

Evidence That DNA Can Transform Bacteria:

Frederick Griffith was studying Streptococcus pneumoniae
A bacterium that causes pneumonia in mammals
He worked with two strains of the bacterium
A pathogenic strain and a nonpathogenic strain

A

studying bacteria and the viruses that infect them

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4
Q

Griffith in 1928, found that when he mixed heat-killed remains of the pathogenic strain with living cells of the nonpathogenic strain, some of these living cells became pathogenic

They called it transformation (what is transformation?)

Avery and colleagues in 1944, announced that the transforming agent was DNA.

Additional evidence for DNA as the genetic material
Came from studies of a

A

(now known as change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA by a cell)

virus that infects bacteria

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5
Q

Viruses that infect bacteria:
Are widely used as tools by

A

bacteriophages

researchers in molecular genetics

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6
Q

names
Performed experiments showing that DNA is the genetic material of a phage known as T2 phages
They knew that T2 and other viruses contain primitive DNA and protein
Used E. coli as T2 producing factories

A

Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase

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7
Q

Prior to the 1950s, it was already known that DNA
Is a:
, each consisting of three components:

que letras van juntas

A

polymer of nucleotides

a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and a phosphate group

G ≡ C and A=T

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