biology digestion

Question 1

harbivores

Answer 1

eat plants and include cattle, gorillas,
sea urchins, and snails

Question 2

carnivores

Answer 2

eat meat and include lions, owls, whales, and spiders

Question 3

omnivores

Answer 3

eat plants and other animals and include humans, cockroaches, raccoons, and crows

Question 4

suspension feeders

Answer 4

capture food particles from the surrounding medium. Whale and Manta ray (filter feeding - vortex filtration)

Question 5

substrate feeders

Answer 5

live in or on their food source and eat their way through it

Question 6

fluid feeders

Answer 6

suck nutrient-rich fluids from a living host (mosquito, butterfly)

Question 7

bulk feeders

Answer 7

ingest large pieces of food

Question 8

food is processed in four stages

Answer 8

ingestion
digestion
absorbtion
elimination

Question 9

oral cavity

Answer 9

mouth

Question 9

alimentary canal

Answer 9

canal that runs from mouth to anus with specialized regions along the way

Question 10

peristalsis

Answer 10

peristaltika
moved along through the alimentary canal by the rhythmic muscle contractions

Question 11

sphincters

Answer 11

sąsmauka
moved into and out of the stomach

Question 12

pharnyx

Answer 12

ryklė

Question 13

esophagus

Answer 13

stemplė

Question 14

saliva contains

Answer 14

mucus (a mixture of water, salts, and slippery carbohydrate- protein complex) which protects the soft lining of the mouth and lubricates food
buffers (neutralize food acids)
antibacterial agents (digestive enzyme amylase: digest
starch into disaccharide maltose)

Question 15

pharynx or throat opens to two passageways

Answer 15

the esophagus (part of the digestive system)
the trachea (or windpipe, part of the respiratory system)

Question 16

when breathing epiglottis is up

Answer 16

larnyx is down

Question 17

when eating epiglottis is down

Answer 17

larnyx is up

Question 18

Heimlich maneuver

Answer 18

forceful elevation of the diaphragm

Question 19

gastric juice

Answer 19

made up of a protein-digesting enzyme (pepsinogen), mucus (protects stomach from acid and pepsin), and strong acid

Question 20

HCl

Answer 20

converts pepsonpgen in to pepsin

Question 20

gastric clands have three types of cells

Answer 20

• secrete different component of gastric juice
• mucous cells: secrete mucusàlubricant and protection - parietal cell: secrete hydrogen and chloride ions
• chief cell: secrete pepsinogen

Question 20

chyme

Answer 20

what’s left after digestion in stomach

Question 21

bile

Answer 21

tulžis

Question 22

duodenum

Answer 22

dvylikapirštė žarna

Question 23

gallbladder

Answer 23

tulžies pūslė

Question 24

pancreatic juice

Answer 24

produced from pancreas a mixture of digestive enzymes alkaline solution which can neutralize the acidic chyme

Question 25

bile

Answer 25

made in the liver and is stored in the gallbladder contains bile salts which break fats into small droplets

Question 26

carbohydrates

Answer 26

maltose -> maltaze/sucrase

Question 27

proteins

Answer 27

trypsin

Question 28

DNA and RNA

Answer 28

nucleases

Question 29

Fat globules

Answer 29

bile salts -> lipase

Question 30

villi

Answer 30

made in the liver and is stored in the gallbladder contains bile salts which break fats into small droplets

Question 31

the absorbed amino acids and sugars directly go to the blood vessel

Answer 31

the absorbed fatty acids and glycerol become fats which bind to lipoprotein, are delivered to lymph vessel, and then are transported to blood vessel later

Question 32

blood from digestive tract drains into

Answer 32

hepatic portal vein and then into the liver

Question 33

excess glucose ->

Answer 33

glycogen

Question 34

cecum

Answer 34

large intestine has a pouch appendix

Question 35

water absorption

Answer 35

90% out of 2L of water and 7L of digestive juice is absorbed in the small intestine. The remaining 10% of water is absorbed in the large intestine

Question 36

colon

Answer 36

storoji žarna

Question 37

rectum

Answer 37

akloji žarna

Question 38

compartmentsthathouse cellulose-digesting microbes

Answer 38

- koalas: cecum - rabbits and rodents: cecum and large intestine - ruminants: cattle, sheep, deer- 4 stomach

Question 39

essential fatty acids

Answer 39

Methionine, Valine (Histidine), Threonine, Phenylalanine, Leucine, Isoleucine, Tryptophan, Lysine

Question 40

fat soluble vitamins

Answer 40

DEKA

Question 41

water soluble vitamins

Answer 41

B 1 2 3 5 6 7 9 12 C

Question 42

hormone leptin

Answer 42

produced by adipose cells and suppress appetite