Biology Chapter 7

Question 1

“self feeder”; the organisms harvest the energy of sunlight and convert it into chemical energy

Answer 1

Autotrophs

Question 2

“fed by others” ; live on chemical energy produced by autotrophs or from others

Answer 2

heterotrophs

Question 3

The chemical energy in food comes from the __ , ___, and __ contained in the food. These molecules are rich in energy laden chemical bonds

Answer 3

carbohydrates, proteins, fats

Question 4

enzymes breakdown large molecules into small molecules

Answer 4

digestion

Question 5

breaking down chemical bonds to harvest the energy

Answer 5

catabolism

Question 6

the energy in a chemical bond comes from the electrons in the covalent bonds; cells produce energy ATP by putting these electrons to work

Answer 6

cellular respiration

Question 7

If oxygen accepts the hydrogen (the electron is on the hydrogen) it is called ____

Answer 7

aerobic respiration

Question 8

If an inorganic molecule other than oxygen accepts the hydrogen it is called ____

Answer 8

anaerobic respiration

Question 9

if an organic molecule accepts the hydrogen it is called

Answer 9

fermentation

Question 10

What does ATP stand for?

Answer 10

adenosine triphosphate

Question 11

The bond between the 2nd and 3rd ___ contains lots of energy

Answer 11

phosphate

Question 12

Name this type of reaction:

ATP –> ADP + PO4

Answer 12

exergonic reaction

Question 13

Name this type of reaction:

ADP + PO4 –> ATP

Answer 13

endergonic reactions

Question 14

What does NAD stand for and what is the function? What two forms does it come in?

Answer 14

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide ; used to transport electrons and hydrogen ions around the cell; oxidized form NAD+ and reduced form NADH

Question 15

aerobic respiration takes place in the ____

Answer 15

mitochondria

Question 16

Name this type of respiration:

C6H12O6 + 6 O2 –> 6 CO2 +6 H2O + energy (heat or ATP)

Answer 16

aerobic

Question 17

List where each stage occurs in a cell:

1. Glycolysis
2. Pyruvate oxidation
3. Krebs cycle
4. Electron Transport chain

Answer 17

1. cytoplasm
2. mitochondria
3. mitochondria
4. mitochondria

Question 18

What does each stage end with?

1. Glycolysis
2. Pyruvate oxidation
3. Krebs cycle
4. Electron Transport chain

Answer 18

1. 2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, and 2 NADH
2. 1 acetyl-CoA and 1 NADH
3. 1 ATP, 3 NADH, and 1 FADH2 (for each acetyl-CoA)
4. mucho ATP

Question 19

loss of electrons

Answer 19

oxidation

Question 20

lost electrons are accompanied by protons

Answer 20

dehydrogenation

Question 21

all organisms use ____ to extract energy from organic molecules

Answer 21

cellular respiration

Question 22

During ___ reactions, electrons carry energy from one molecule to another.

Answer 22

Redox

Question 23

___ is an electron carrier in cellular respiration

Answer 23

NAD+

Question 24

Cells use ATP to drive ___ reactions

Answer 24

endergonic

Question 25

for further derivation of energy, aerobic cells must convert pyruvate into acetulCoA by stripping off a CO2 molecule in a process called

Answer 25

decarboxylation

Question 26

a phosphate group is transferred directly a ADP via phosphate group bearing intermediate molecule

Answer 26

phosphorylation

Question 27

__ is when ATP is formed as electrons are harvested, transferred, and bound to oxygen, forming a proton gradient that powers ATPase enzyme

Answer 27

chemeosmosis