Biology Chapter 1 Flashcards
What are the 7 characteristics of all living organisms?
- Composed of cells
- complex & ordered
- respond to their environment
- can grow, develop & reproduce
- obtain & use energy
- maintain internal balance
- all for evolutionary adaptation
___ is the basic unit of life
cell
What are 3 examples in the organismal level
tissues, organs, organ systems
List in order the hierarchical organization of life.
Cellular level, organismal level, population level, ecosystem, biosphere
Life is an ____ property
emergent
Science aims to understand the natural world through __ & ___
observation & reasoning
Science begins with observations, therefore much of science is purely ____
descriptive
_____ uses general principles to make specific predictions
deductive reasoning
____ uses specific observations to develop general conclusions
inductive reasoning
What is the systematic approach scientists use to gain understanding of the natural world?
observation, hypotheses formation, prediction, experimentation, conclusion
__ is a possible explanation for an observation; must be tested to determine its validity
hypothesis
___ is when a hypotheses can be changed and refined with new data
iterative
__ provide way to test the validity of hypotheses
predictions
__ is to break a complex process down to its simpler parts
reductionism
__ is the focus on emergent properties that can’t be understood by looking at simpler parts
systems biology
__ is a body of interconnected concepts; is supported by much experimental evidence & scientific reasoning
scientific theory
Populations of plants and animals increase ___ while humans are able to increase their food supply __.
geometrically; arithmetically
__ same evolutionary origin but now differ in structure and function
homologous
__ structures of different origin but used for the same purpose
analogous
__ based on tracing origin of particular nucleotide changes to reconstruct an evolutionary history
phylogenetic trees
__discrete unit of information
gene
__ entire set of DNA instructions
genome
What are the 3 domains of life?
bacteria, archaea, eukarya
scientific study of living organisms and how they evolved
biology
knowledge derived from observation and experimentation carried out to determine the principles underlying what is being studied
science
a suggested explanation that accounts for the observations
hypothesis
test of a hypothesis
experiment
an influencing factor
variable
a proposed explanation for some natural phenomenon, often based on a general principle. In science, __ is on solid ground, well tested, and widely accepted
theory
an experiment where the variable in question is left unaltered
control experiment
operation of natural laws that produce change over time; process o change in living organisms
evolution
differential reproduction under natural conditions
natural selection
all organisms maintain constant internal conditions different from their environment
homeostasis
English naturalist who wrote a book “Origin of Species” about natural selection
Charles Darwin
geologist who wrote “Principles of Geology” and inspired Darwin on the “Beagle”
Charles Lyell
naturalist who independently developed a theory about natural selection
Alfred Wallace
scientist who wrote an essay about populations - pointing out that population increase in size geometrically but resources increase arithmetically
Thomas Malthus
