Biology Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 7 characteristics of all living organisms?

A
  1. Composed of cells
  2. complex & ordered
  3. respond to their environment
  4. can grow, develop & reproduce
  5. obtain & use energy
  6. maintain internal balance
  7. all for evolutionary adaptation
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2
Q

___ is the basic unit of life

A

cell

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3
Q

What are 3 examples in the organismal level

A

tissues, organs, organ systems

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4
Q

List in order the hierarchical organization of life.

A

Cellular level, organismal level, population level, ecosystem, biosphere

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5
Q

Life is an ____ property

A

emergent

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6
Q

Science aims to understand the natural world through __ & ___

A

observation & reasoning

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7
Q

Science begins with observations, therefore much of science is purely ____

A

descriptive

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8
Q

_____ uses general principles to make specific predictions

A

deductive reasoning

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9
Q

____ uses specific observations to develop general conclusions

A

inductive reasoning

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10
Q

What is the systematic approach scientists use to gain understanding of the natural world?

A

observation, hypotheses formation, prediction, experimentation, conclusion

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11
Q

__ is a possible explanation for an observation; must be tested to determine its validity

A

hypothesis

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12
Q

___ is when a hypotheses can be changed and refined with new data

A

iterative

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13
Q

__ provide way to test the validity of hypotheses

A

predictions

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14
Q

__ is to break a complex process down to its simpler parts

A

reductionism

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15
Q

__ is the focus on emergent properties that can’t be understood by looking at simpler parts

A

systems biology

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16
Q

__ is a body of interconnected concepts; is supported by much experimental evidence & scientific reasoning

A

scientific theory

17
Q

Populations of plants and animals increase ___ while humans are able to increase their food supply __.

A

geometrically; arithmetically

18
Q

__ same evolutionary origin but now differ in structure and function

A

homologous

19
Q

__ structures of different origin but used for the same purpose

A

analogous

20
Q

__ based on tracing origin of particular nucleotide changes to reconstruct an evolutionary history

A

phylogenetic trees

21
Q

__discrete unit of information

A

gene

22
Q

__ entire set of DNA instructions

A

genome

23
Q

What are the 3 domains of life?

A

bacteria, archaea, eukarya

24
Q

scientific study of living organisms and how they evolved

A

biology

25
Q

knowledge derived from observation and experimentation carried out to determine the principles underlying what is being studied

A

science

26
Q

a suggested explanation that accounts for the observations

A

hypothesis

27
Q

test of a hypothesis

A

experiment

28
Q

an influencing factor

A

variable

29
Q

a proposed explanation for some natural phenomenon, often based on a general principle. In science, __ is on solid ground, well tested, and widely accepted

A

theory

30
Q

an experiment where the variable in question is left unaltered

A

control experiment

31
Q

operation of natural laws that produce change over time; process o change in living organisms

A

evolution

32
Q

differential reproduction under natural conditions

A

natural selection

33
Q

all organisms maintain constant internal conditions different from their environment

A

homeostasis

34
Q

English naturalist who wrote a book “Origin of Species” about natural selection

A

Charles Darwin

35
Q

geologist who wrote “Principles of Geology” and inspired Darwin on the “Beagle”

A

Charles Lyell

36
Q

naturalist who independently developed a theory about natural selection

A

Alfred Wallace

37
Q

scientist who wrote an essay about populations - pointing out that population increase in size geometrically but resources increase arithmetically

A

Thomas Malthus