Biology - chapter 11.1-2

Question 1

Nature vs Nurture

Add examples

Answer 1

Heredity (Genetic base, eyes, hair color)
vs.
Environment (patience, stress release)

Question 2

What is

Heredity

Answer 2

Passing of traits from parents to offspring

Question 3

Fertilization

Answer 3

Fusion of an egg and sperm cell

Question 4

Self-Polination

Answer 4

when pollen from the male part of a flower pollinates the female part of the same flower

Question 5

Chromosomes

What are they made up of

Answer 5

built out of genes

Question 6

Genes

What are they made of

Answer 6

built out of different nucleotides

Question 8

Allele

Answer 8

Different forms of a gene

Question 9

Punnet Square

Answer 9

A chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross

Question 10

Dominant

Answer 10

An allele that is always expressed

Question 11

Recessive

Answer 11

An allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present (requires two to appear)

Question 12

true-breeding

Answer 12

term used to describe organisms that produce offspring identical to themselves if allowed to self-pollinate (having the same dominant or recessive alleles)

Question 13

Hybrid

Answer 13

An organism that has two different alleles for a trait

Question 14

P generation

Answer 14

Parental generation, the first two individuals that mate in a genetic cross

Question 15

F1 generation

Answer 15

offspring of the P generation

Question 16

gametes

Answer 16

sex cells
(23 chromosomes each)

Question 17

Heterozygous

Answer 17

Hybrid (Hh)

Question 18

Homozygous

Answer 18

Pure breed (hh/HH)

Question 19

Probability

Answer 19

Likelihood that a particular event will occur

Question 20

Genotype

Answer 20

genes an organism HAS (makeup)

Question 21

Phenotype

Answer 21

An organism’s physical appearance, or visible traits.

Question 22

Monohybrid cross

Answer 22

A cross between individuals that involves one pair of contrasting traits

Question 23

Dihybrid cross

Answer 23

A cross between individuals that have different alleles for the same gene (9/3/3/1)

Question 24

Codominant

Answer 24

allele has both dominant and recessive traits

Question 25

Cystic fibrosis

Traits, Recessive Dominant or Codominant?

Answer 25

genetic disorder occurs with two recessive alleles; characterized by excessive secretion of mucus

Question 26

Sickle Cell Disease

Answer 26

a genetic disorder that causes abnormal hemoglobin, resulting in some red blood cells assuming an abnormal sickle shape

• Codominant