Biology Ch 11 Test Flashcards
What did Gregor Mendel Do?
Studied hereditary through pea plants
- measured traits
- self polinated the peas
Nature vs Nurture
Nature: Genetic base
- eye color, hair type
Nurture: based on enviroment
- study habits
- mannerisms
Heredity
Passing on genes from one generation to the next
Fertilization
When a male sperm fertilizes a female egg (zygote)
Self-Polination
When a flower with both components gets pollen from itself
Chromosomes
What are they made up of
Genes
Genes
What are they made of
built out of different nucleotides
Allele
specific variant of a gene
Dominant
Only one to appear
Recessive
requires two to appear
True-Breeding
Having the same genetics (identical dominant/recessive alleles)
Hybrid
Parents have different alleles
P Generation
Parent generation; creates offspring
F^1 Generation
first offspring generation
Gamates
reproductive sex cells (sperm or egg cells) only have half genetic info
Heterozygous
Hybrid (Hh)
Homozygous
Pure breed (hh/HH)
What is probability, how to calculate it
Proability is the prediction of something happening
- multiply the chance by how many rounds being predicted
Flipping a coin thrice: (1/2x1/2x1/2)
Genotype vs Phenotype
Genotype: genes an organisim has
- Hh
Phenotype: Visible traits/ physical features
- green eyes
Monohybrid cross
cross between two hybrids for 1 trait
Dihybrid cross
focuses on two characteristics
9/3/3/1 pattern usually
Codominant
allele has both dominant and recessive traits
Cystic Fibrosis
- Recessive disease
Excessive secretion of mucus
Sickle cell
- codominant disease
Gives the red blood cell a sickle concave shape, easy to clot
