Biology Ch 11 Test

Question 1

What did Gregor Mendel Do?

Answer 1

Studied hereditary through pea plants
- measured traits
- self polinated the peas

Question 2

Nature vs Nurture

Answer 2

Nature: Genetic base
- eye color, hair type
Nurture: based on enviroment
- study habits
- mannerisms

Question 3

Heredity

Answer 3

Passing on genes from one generation to the next

Question 4

Fertilization

Answer 4

When a male sperm fertilizes a female egg (zygote)

Question 5

Self-Polination

Answer 5

When a flower with both components gets pollen from itself

Question 6

Chromosomes

What are they made up of

Answer 6

Genes

Question 7

Genes

What are they made of

Answer 7

built out of different nucleotides

Question 8

Allele

Answer 8

specific variant of a gene

Question 9

Dominant

Answer 9

Only one to appear

Question 10

Recessive

Answer 10

requires two to appear

Question 11

True-Breeding

Answer 11

Having the same genetics (identical dominant/recessive alleles)

Question 12

Hybrid

Answer 12

Parents have different alleles

Question 13

P Generation

Answer 13

Parent generation; creates offspring

Question 14

F^1 Generation

Answer 14

first offspring generation

Question 15

Gamates

Answer 15

reproductive sex cells (sperm or egg cells) only have half genetic info

Question 16

Heterozygous

Answer 16

Hybrid (Hh)

Question 17

Homozygous

Answer 17

Pure breed (hh/HH)

Question 18

What is probability, how to calculate it

Answer 18

Proability is the prediction of something happening
- multiply the chance by how many rounds being predicted

Flipping a coin thrice: (1/2x1/2x1/2)

Question 19

Genotype vs Phenotype

Answer 19

Genotype: genes an organisim has
- Hh
Phenotype: Visible traits/ physical features
- green eyes

Question 20

Monohybrid cross

Answer 20

cross between two hybrids for 1 trait

Question 21

Dihybrid cross

Answer 21

focuses on two characteristics

9/3/3/1 pattern usually

Question 22

Codominant

Answer 22

allele has both dominant and recessive traits

Question 23

Cystic Fibrosis

Answer 23

• Recessive disease
  Excessive secretion of mucus

Question 24

Sickle cell

Answer 24

• codominant disease
  Gives the red blood cell a sickle concave shape, easy to clot

Question 25

Mitosis vs Meiosis

differences / similarities

Answer 25

Mitosis:
- produces identical chromosomes
- is the first division
Meiosis:
- produces gamates
- reduction division (46 -> 23)
- is the second division

Question 26

Mitosis

Answer 26

Interphase: chromatids into chromosomes
Prophase: spindles forming, chromosomes condensing
Metaphase: chromosomes line up
Anaphase: chromosomes pulled apart
Telophase: two new daughter cells forming
Cytokinesis: cell membrane pinched in the middle

Question 27

Meiosis I

Answer 27

IPMATC
- from 46 chromosomes to 23
- makes gamates

Question 28

Meiosis II

Answer 28

two new cells r produced
second meiotod divison

Question 29

Cystic chromosme

Answer 29

copy of the same chromosomes

Question 30

Homologous chromosmes

Answer 30

same topics (genes), different information (alleles)
- same shape/size chromosomes

Question 31

Diplod cell

Answer 31

Two sets of chromosomes

Question 32

Hephloyd cell

Answer 32

One set of chromosomes

Question 33

2N=46, Chomosomes in a diploid cell

Answer 33

• A stomatic cell (normal cell)
• two gamates

Question 34

N=23, CHromosomes in a Haploid cell

Answer 34

gamates (egg/sperm)

Question 35

Sister chromatids

Answer 35

a set of chromatids