Biology Chapter 1 - Food and Diet

Question 1

What are carbohydrates needed for

Answer 1

Energy

Question 2

What foods are high in starch

Answer 2

Bread, pasta, rice

Question 3

What foods are high in sugar

Answer 3

Cake, biscuits

Question 4

What is the test for sugar

Answer 4

Add benedicts
Heat in a water bath
Turns blue to brick red precipitate

Question 5

What is the test for starch

Answer 5

Add iodine
Turns yellow brown to blue black

Question 6

What are proteins needed for
Give 2 foods high in protein

Answer 6

Growth and repair
Eggs, milk, meat, fish

Question 7

What is the test for protein

Answer 7

Add biuret reagent (or sodium hydroxide and copper sulfate)
Turns blue to purple

Question 8

What is fat needed for

Answer 8

Insulation and energy store

Question 9

What is the test for fat

Answer 9

Add ethanol and shake. then add equal amount of water
Cloudy white emulsion if fat is present

Question 10

What is the equation for respiration

Answer 10

Glucose + Oxygen —–>Carbon dixoide + Water + Energy
Higher tier
C6H12O6 + 6H2O —–> 6CO2 + 6H2O

Question 11

What is respiration

Answer 11

Process of releasing energy from food

Question 12

What type of reaction is respiration

Answer 12

Exothermic

Question 13

What factors affect how much energy you require

Answer 13

Age - older people need less energy
Gender - males need more than female
How active you are - more active need more energy

Question 14

How can you test foods to see which has most energy

Answer 14

Place volume of water (20cm3) in boiling tube and clamp
Add thermometer and record initial temperature
Record mass of food to be burnt
Light food in bunsen flame and place under boiling tube
Let burn completely and record final temperature

Question 15

What are the 2 types of circulatory diseases

Answer 15

Heart disease
Stroke

Question 16

How does coronary heart disease cause a heart attack

Answer 16

cholesterol blocks the coronary arteries (supplying heart muscle)
Less oxygen and glucose to muscle cells of heart
Less respiration
Heart muscle cells die

Question 17

What is a stroke

Answer 17

A blockage in artery in brain - less food and oxygen to cells in that part of brain - less respiration - those cells in that part of brain die

Question 18

What lifestyle factors can you do to reduce risk of heart disease or stroke

Answer 18

Less stress
More exercise
Stop smoking

Question 19

What dietary factors can you do to reduce risk of heart disease or stroke

Answer 19

Less saturated fat intake
Less salt intake
Less cholesterol intake

Question 20

Why are circulatory diseases an economic problem

Answer 20

Cost of treatment - medicines required
Need trained staff to look after patients
more people in hospital longer time

Question 21

How does exercise affect pulse rate - how does fit person compare to less fit person

Answer 21

Pulse rate increases -
more fit will have lower resting pulse rate than less fit person
more fit will have lower maximum pulse rate
more fit will recover quicker - pulse rate back to normal

Question 22

What is meant by recovery time

Answer 22

The time it takes for the heart rate to return to normal after exercise

Question 23

What are the benefits of exercise

Answer 23

Strengthens heart muscle
This increases cardiac output - the amount of blood pumped out of heart per minute
this causes the pulse rate than to lower as heart has to pump less often