Biology - cells

Question 1

Nucleus

Answer 1

The nucleus contains genetic material that controls the activities of the cell.
Genetic material is arranged into chromosomes

Question 2

What is a cell?

Answer 2

A cell is the smallest unit of life that can live on it’s own. Cells make up all living organisms and their tissue

Question 3

Cytoplasm

Answer 3

It’s a gel-like substance where most of the chemical reactions happens. It also contains enzymes that control these reactions.

Question 4

Cell membrane

Answer 4

Holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out.

Question 5

Mitochondria

Answer 5

This is where most of the reactions for respiration take place. Respiration transfers energy cells need to work.

Question 6

Ribosomes

Answer 6

These are involved in translation of genetic material in the synthesis of proteins.

Question 7

Difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

Answer 7

• All living things are made of cells.
• Eukaryotic cells are complex and include all animal and plant cells. Prokaryotic cells are smaller and simpler like bacteria (single celled organism).
• Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cell do not

Question 8

Rigid cell wall
(plants only)

Answer 8

It’s made of cellulose. It strengthens and supports the cell.

Question 9

Chloroplast
(plants only)

Answer 9

Theses are where photosynthesis occurs, which makes food for the plant. The contain a green substance called chlorophyll.

Question 10

Large vacuole
(plants only)

Answer 10

Contains cell sap, a weak solution of sugar and salts. It maintains the internal pressure to support the cell.

Question 11

Chromosomal DNA
(bacteria cells only)

Answer 11

One long circular chromosome
Controls the cell’s activities and replication. It floats free in the cytoplasm (NOT IN NUCLEUS)

Question 12

Plasmid DNA
(bacteria cells only)

Answer 12

Small loops of extra DNA that aren’t part of the chromosome. Plasmids contains genes for things like drug resistance, and can be passed between bacteria.

Question 13

Flagellum
(bacteria cells only)

Answer 13

A long hair-like structure that rotates to make the bacterium move. It can be used to move the bacteria away from harmful substances like toxins and towards beneficial things like nutrients or oxygen

Question 14

Cell cycle

Answer 14

A series of events that takes place in a cell as it grows and divides.

Question 15

How big are eukaryotic cells?

Answer 15

10-100 micrometers