BIOLOGY B5: HOMEOSTASIS Flashcards
what does a stimulus, receptor, neurones, effectors, and response make up?
the reflex arc
what makes up the reflex arc?
a stimulus, receptor, neurones, effectors, and response
what is a stimulus detected by?
they are detected by a receptor
what does a receptor detect?
a stimulus
what do receptors detect?
they detect changes in an environment in the body and give off a signal picked up by the neurones
when there are changes in the body’s environment what is it detected by?
detected by the recptors
what are the three types of neurone?
sensory - carries a signal
relay - relays the electrical impulses
motor - carries another electrical impulse
where do both the motor and relay neurone carry impulses to and from?
they are carried from the central nervous system to an effector
what does an effector do?
a muscle or gland that brings out an action in response to an environment’s change
what is the muscle or gland that brings out an action in response to an environment’s change?
an effector
what is a response?
it can be any action that helps the organism to avoid the harmful situation
what does the pancreas produce?
insulin and glucagon
insulin and glucagon are produced by what?
the pancreas
what do insulin and glucagon do?
they help regulate blood glucose levels
what do the ovaries produce? (fem only)
they produce oestrogen
what does oestrogen do?
it regulates and maintains the menstrual cycle
what do the testes produce? (masc only)
they produce testosterone
what does testosterone control?
they control puberty and the production of sperm
what do the adrenal glands produce?
adrenaline
what does adrenaline trigger?
it triggers the ‘fight or flight’ response to a certain situation
what does the thyroid gland release?
it releases thyroxine
what does thyroxine regulate?
it regulates our metabolism, temperature and heart rate
what does the pituitary gland produce?
it releases hormones in response to changes detected by the hypothalamus
what do these hormones trigger?
they trigger other glands to release more hormones
what is the menstrual cycle?
the monthly cycle where an egg is matured and releases
when a female is born, how many eggs come ready?
all of them - one each month until they hit puberty
what are the 4 key hormones in the menstrual cycle?
-Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
-Oestrogen
-Luteinising Hormone (LH)
-Progesterone
