Biology and Behavior

Question 1

What responses does the parasympathetic system cause?

Answer 1

constricts pupils
stimulates flow of saliva
constricts bronchi
slows heartbeat
stimulates peristalsis and secretion
stimulates bile release
contracts bladder

Question 2

What responses does the sympathetic system cause?

Answer 2

dilates pupils
inhibits salivation
relaxes bronchi
accelerates heartbeat
piloerection or sweating
inhibits peristalsis and secretion
stimulates glucose production and release
secretion of adrenaline and noradrenaline
inhibits bladder contraction
stimulates orgasm

Question 3

What are the three parts of the organization of the brain?

Answer 3

hindbrain
midbrain
forebrain

Question 4

What does the hindbrain consist of?

Answer 4

cerebellum, medulla, and reticular formation

Question 5

What does the midbrain consist of?

Answer 5

inferior and superior colliculi

Question 6

What does the forebrain consist of?

Answer 6

thalamus, hypothalamus, basal ganglia, limbic system, and cerebral cortex

Question 7

What does the thalamus do?

Answer 7

relay station for sensory information

Question 8

What does the hypothalamus do?

Answer 8

maintains homeostasis and integrates with the endocrine system through the hypophyseal portal system that connects it to the anterior pituitary

Question 9

What does the basal ganglia do?

Answer 9

smoothens movements and helps maintain postural stability

Question 10

What does the limbic system do?

Answer 10

• controls emotion and memory
• includes septic nuclei (pleasure seeking), amygdala (fear and aggression), hippocampus (memory), and fornix (communication within limbic)

Question 11

What does the frontal lobe do?

Answer 11

executive function, impulse control, long term planning (prefrontal cortex), motor function (primary motor cortex), speech production (Brocas area)

Question 12

What does the parietal lobe do?

Answer 12

sensation of touch, pressure, temp, and pain (somatosensory cortex), spatial processing, orientation, and manipulation

Question 13

What does the occipital lobe do?

Answer 13

visual processing

Question 14

What does the temporal lobe do?

Answer 14

sound processing (auditory cortex), speech perception (wernicke’s area), memory, and emotion (limbic)

Question 15

How does acetylcholine influence behavior?

Answer 15

voluntary muscle control, parasympathetic nervous system, attention, alertness

Question 16

How does epinephrine and norepinephrine influence behavior?

Answer 16

fight or flight response, wakefulness, alertness

Question 17

How does dopamine influence behavior?

Answer 17

smooth movements, postural stability

Question 18

How does serotonin influence behavior?

Answer 18

mood, sleeping, eating, dreaming

Question 19

How does GABA influence behavior?

Answer 19

brain stabilization

Question 20

How do endorphins influence behavior?

Answer 20

natural painkillers

Question 21

Nature vs Nurture?

Answer 21

debate regarding the contributions of genetics and environment to an individual’s traits. Family, twin, and adoption studies are used