Biology 30 - Classical genetics

Question 1

Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance

Answer 1

• Chromosomes carry genes which are the units of heredity
• Chromosomes assort independently during meiosis I (Metaphase I)
• Each chromosome contains many genes

Question 2

Heredity

Answer 2

-The passing of physical characteristics from one generation to the next; controlled by genes

Question 3

Gene

Answer 3

• A discrete unit of heritable information located on chromosomes
• Each gene results in or influences a specific trait

Question 4

Allele

Answer 4

• A version of a particular gene i.e. blond, brown, red or black hair

Question 5

Mendelian Genetics

Answer 5

• Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) was an Austrian monk whose experiments with garden peas laid the foundation of genetics
• Factors controlled each particular trait

Question 6

Law of Segregation

Answer 6

• Separation of alleles during meiosis
• Half of the gametes will carry one member of the pair and the other half of the gametes will carry the other member of the pair

Question 7

Law of Independent Assortment

Answer 7

• Separation of individual chromosomes
• Used to predict phenotypic ratios when more than one trait in concerned
• Genes carried on different chromosomes are randomly packaged into gamete with respect to each other.

Question 8

Test Cross

Answer 8

• Cross an individual of an unknown dominant genotype with a homozygous recessive individual in order to determine genotype of unknown individual by observing offspring.

Question 9

Incomplete Dominance

Answer 9

• Two alleles are equally dominant and interact to form a new phenotype that is a heterozygous intermediate of the two alleles

Question 10

Co-dominance

Answer 10

• One allele does not dominate over the other, rather they share dominance and both alleles are expressed in the phenotype