Biology 30 - Cell Division, Genetic Disorders, and Reproductive Processes Flashcards
1
Q
Gametogenesis
A
- Process of how sperm and eggs are made through special cell division.
2
Q
Spermatogenesis
A
- Process of making lots of small, moving sperm cells.
3
Q
Oogenesis
A
- Process of making one large egg cell that can feed a fertilized egg
4
Q
Nondisjunction
A
- When chromosomes don’t split right, making cells with too many or too few chromosomes
5
Q
What happens if a cell with nondisjunction joins a normal cell?
A
- The baby may have an unusual number of chromosomes
6
Q
Trisomy
A
- Extra chromosome, making a “triplet” instead of a pair
7
Q
Monosomy
A
- One chromosome is missing, leaving only one instead of a pair
8
Q
Down syndrome
A
- Extra chromosome 21
9
Q
Turner syndrome
A
- When a female has only one X chromosome
10
Q
Klinefelter syndrome
A
- When a male has an extra X chromosome, leading to some female traits
11
Q
“Supermale” syndrome
A
- When a male has an extra Y chromosome
12
Q
Cloning
A
- Making an exact copy of an organism from one cell
13
Q
Budding
A
- Growing a small new part that breaks off to form a new organism
14
Q
Binary fission
A
- Splitting into two equal parts, each becoming a new organism
15
Q
Sporulation
A
- Making spores that grow into new organisms when conditions are good
16
Q
Regeneration
A
- Growing a new part or body from a piece of the original
17
Q
Totipotent
A
- A cell that can grow into any type of cell
18
Q
How does cell death relate to aging?
A
- B/C cells divide only a set number of times in a lifeline
19
Q
Cancer
A
- When cells grow too fast and don’t stop
20
Q
Cancer treatments
A
- Removing tumors
- Stopping fast-growing cells
- Boosting the immune system
21
Q
Alternation of generation
A
- Some plants and animals switch between sexual and asexual reproduction
