Biology 2.1.1 Flashcards
Order of size for microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate filaments
Microtubules, Intermediate filaments, microfilaments
Name 4 things made up of microtubules
Cilia, undulipodia(flagella), centrioles and spindle fibres
Microtubules form tracks for what?
Motor proteins moving organelles
What protein makes up microfilaments
Actin
Name two things microfilaments do
Keep cell shape and allow cell movement
Name three things Intermediate filaments do
Anchor nucleus in cytoplasm, extend between cells for cell signalling and allow cells to stick to basement membrane to form tissues
How is energy made available to cell?
Hydrolysis of ATP is exothermic and releases energy
What do centrioles form?
spindle fibres, cilia, undulipodia,
Name two functions for Undulipodia(flagella)
Motility and they can detect change in cells environment
How does mobile cilia work
beating creates a current causing fluids adjacent to cell to move (mucas in trachea)
What is a plants cell walls function and made of
Cellulose. Protects against pathogens
What is different about DNA in prokaryotic cells
One chromosome supercoiled and genes group into operons which can be switched on/off at same time
In prokaryotes, DNA isn’t coiled around what protein
histone
Give two funtion of the slime capsule on the bacteria
- Protection from antibiotics, Prevents antibodies on lymphocytes detecting the antigens
- Cells have high SA:V so loose fluid quickly. IE the slime stops drying out
What’s different about flagella in prokaryotes
Thinner
What are flagella powered by?
chemiosmosis
What is cell wall on prokaryotes made of?
peptidoglycan
Size of ribosomes in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
80S in eukaryotic and 70S in prokaryotes
What can plasmids do?
replicate independently
Explain plasmid replication
Pilus draws bacteria together and plasmid(have antibiotic resistance) can be transferred to another bacteria
Where can ribosomes be found
Free floating in cytoplasm or on RER
Why are ribosomes in prokaryotes
They aren’t membrane bound so aren’t true organelles
How are ribosomes formed?
rRNA combines with proteins
What is synthesised at SER
Lipids and carbohydrates
also used for storage
