biology 2

Question 1

What is a stem cell?(undifferentiated,one or more, specialised)

Answer 1

undifferentiated cell that can differentiate into one or more specialised cell types

Question 2

What are adult stem cells?(stem cells, differentiate, certain, S cells)

Answer 2

stem cells from adults that can only differentiate into certain specialised cells

Question 3

Where can adult stem cells be found?

Answer 3

bone marrow

Question 4

What are embryonic stem cells?(embryos,differentiate,any, specialised)

Answer 4

stem cells from embryos that can differentiate into any specialised cell

Question 5

Where are embryonic stem cells found?(early,usually,spare,clinics)

Answer 5

early human embryos (usually from spare embryos from fertility clinics)

Question 6

What is therapeutic cloning?(patient’s cells, create, early embryo clone, themselves, stem cells,from E, then used, treat,medical)

Answer 6

patient’s cells are used to create an early embryo clone of themselves – stem cells from the embryo can then be used to treat the patient’s medical conditions

Question 7

Give one advantage of using therapeutic cloning?(stem cells, embryo, rejected, transplated, same genes, patient)

Answer 7

• stem cells from the embryo are not rejected when transplanted because they have the same genes as the patient

Question 8

Give one advantage of using adult stem cells?(ethical issues, adults, consented, use)

Answer 8

fewer ethical issues as obtained from adults who can consent to their use

Question 9

Give two disadvantages of using adult stem cells?(time, suitable,found - differentiate, cell types, fewer, diseases)

Answer 9

• can take a long time for a suitable donor to be found
• can only differentiate into some specialised cell types, so treat fewer diseases

Question 10

Give two advantages of using embryonic stem cells?(differentiate, cell, treat, many diseases - obtain, spare)

Answer 10

• can differentiate into any specialised cell, so can be used to treat many diseases
• easier to obtain as they are found in spare embryos

Question 11

Give two disadvantages of using embryonic stem cells.

(potential life - potential risk,treatements, transfer,viral infections)

Answer 11

• ethical issues surrounding their use, as every embryo is a potential life
• potential risks involved with treatments, such as transfer of viral infections

Question 12

What are plant meristems?

(area, rapid cell division, tips, roots, shoots)

Answer 12

area where rapid cell division occurs in the tips of roots
and shoots

Question 13

Give two advantages of using plant meristems to clone plants.
(rare species, cloned, extinctions -plants, special features(disease Resistance), cloned, copies)

Answer 13

• rare species can be cloned to protect them from
  extinctions
• plants with special features (e.g., disease resistance)
  can be cloned to produce many copies

Question 14

one disadvantage of using plant meristems to clone plants.(no genetic variation, so, entire cloned crop, D by a disease)

Answer 14

no genetic variation, so, for example, an entire cloned
crop could be destroyed by a disease

Question 15

What is cell division by mitosis?

(division of, parent cell, two genetically identical, daughter cells, cell, now, double, chromosomes, more organelles, bigger)

Answer 15

the division of the parent cell into two genetically identical daughter cells. The cell now has double the chromosomes, more organelles and is bigger

Question 16

What is the purpose of mitosis

Growth and Rpar of Cls, asexual R

Answer 16

growth and repair of cells, asexual reproduction

Question 17

What happens during the first stage of the cell cycle?

cells, bigger - chromosomes Dplicte - number, subcellular structures, e.g ribosomes and Mitcdra, increase

Answer 17

cell grows bigger, chromosomes duplicate, number of subcellular structures (e.g., ribosomes and mitochondria) increases

Question 18

What happens during mitosis?

one set, chromosomes, pulled to, end of cell, N divides

Answer 18

one set of chromosomes is pulled to each end of the cell and the nucleus divides

Question 19

What happens during the third stage of the cell cycle?

(cyctoplasm, cell membrane, divide, forming T I daughter cells)

Answer 19

the cytoplasm and cell membrane divide, forming two identical daughter cells

Question 20

What is the term for cell division in bacteria?

Bnry fsson

Answer 20

Binary fission