biology 1

Question 1

What are two types of eukaryotic cell?

Answer 1

animal and plant

Question 2

What type of cell are bacteria?

Answer 2

prokaryotes

Question 3

Where is DNA found in animal and plant cells?

Answer 3

in the nucleus

Question 4

What is the function of the cell membrane?(structure,permeable to,but, others, therefore, movement, out, cell)

Answer 4

Its structure is permeable to some substances but not to others. It therefore controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

Question 5

What is the function of mitochondria?(place,aerobic,producing,cell,survive,contains,enzymes,cellular)

Answer 5

the place where aerobic respiration occurs, producing energy needed for the cell to survive and function and contains enzymes for cellular respiration

Question 6

What is the function of chloroplasts?(chlorophyll,light,photosynthesis)

Answer 6

contain chlorophyll to absorb light energy for photosynthesis

Question 7

What is the function of ribosomes?(enable,protein)

Answer 7

enable production of proteins (protein synthesis)

Question 8

What is the function of the cell wall?(S and S the cell)

Answer 8

strengthens and supports the cell

Question 9

What is the structure of the main genetic material in
a prokaryotic cell?(single L,of)

Answer 9

single loop of DNA

Question 10

How are electron microscopes different to light microscopes?(electron, beams of, cannot, view, samples,expensive,magnification and)

Answer 10

• electron microscopes use beams of electrons instead of light
• cannot be used to view living samples
• much more expensive
• have a much higher magnification and resolution

Question 11

What is the function of a red blood cell?(carriers of O, transporting,body,contain pigment,haemogoblin,binds to O,forming, oxyhaemogoblin,remains, this form,respiring tissues, splits,oxygen and haemogblin)

Answer 11

act as carriers of oxygen, transporting oxygen around the body. They contain a pigment called haemoglobin, which binds to oxygen, forming oxyhemoglobin. Oxyhaemoglobin remains in this form until it reaches the respiring tissues, where it splits back into oxygen and haemoglobin

Question 12

Give three adaptations of a red blood cell?(no N, red pigment called H, bi-concave, disc)

Answer 12

• no nucleus
• contains a red pigment called
  haemoglobin
• has a bi-concave disc shape

Question 13

What is the function of a nerve cell?(electrical,body)

Answer 13

carries electrical impulses around the body

Question 14

Give two adaptations of a nerve cell.(branched E, myelin sheath I, axon)

Answer 14

• branched endings
• myelin sheath insulates the axon

Question 15

What is the function of a sperm cell?(ovum)

Answer 15

fertilises an ovum (egg)

Question 16

Give two adaptations of a sperm cell.

Answer 16

• a tail to move them towards an egg cell
• contains lots of mitochondria to provide energy

Question 17

What is the function of a palisade cell?(photosynthesis in)

Answer 17

carries out photosynthesis in a leaf

Question 18

Give two adaptations of a palisade cell(lots of, located, surface of ..)

Answer 18

• lots of chloroplasts
• located at the top surface of the leaf

Question 19

What is the function of a root hair cell?

Answer 19

absorbs minerals and water from the soil

Question 20

Give two adaptations of a root hair cell.

Answer 20

long projection, lots of mitochondria

Question 21

What is diffusion?

Answer 21

net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration along a concentration gradient – this is a passive process (does
not require energy from respiration)

Question 22

Name three factors that affect the rate of diffusion.

Answer 22

• concentration gradient
• temperature
• membrane surface area

Question 23

How are villi adapted for exchanging substances?

Answer 23

• long and thin, increases surface area
• one-cell-thick membrane, short diffusion pathway
• good blood supply, maintains a steep concentration gradient

Question 24

How are the lungs adapted for efficient
gas exchange?

Answer 24

• alveoli, large surface area
• moist membranes, increases rate of diffusion
• one-cell-thick membranes, short diffusion pathway
• good blood supply, maintains a steep concentration gradient

Question 25

What is osmosis?

Answer 25

diffusion of water from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane

Question 26

Give one example of osmosis in a plant.

Answer 26

water moves from the soil into the root hair cell

Question 27

How are fish gills adapted for efficient
gas exchange?

Answer 27

• large surface area for gases to diffuse across
• thin layer of cells, short diffusion pathway
• good blood supply, maintains a steep concentration gradient

Question 28

What is active transport?

Answer 28

movement of particles against a concentration
gradient – from a dilute solution to a more
concentrated solution – using energy from respiration

Question 29

Why is active transport needed in plant roots?

Answer 29

concentration of mineral ions in the soil is lower than inside the root hair cells – the mineral ions must move against the concentration gradient to enter the root
hair cells

Question 30

What is the purpose of active transport in the small intestine?

Answer 30

sugars can be absorbed when the concentration of sugar in the small intestine is lower than the concentration of
sugar in the blood