Biology

Question 1

Are organic compounds that serve as
genetic information storage molecules.

Answer 1

Nucleic acid

Question 2

What is the monomer of
NUCLEIC ACID?

Answer 2

Nucleic tides

Question 3

Provides the information to make
proteins

Answer 3

Nucleic acid

Question 4

is a naturally occurring
chemical compound that serve as the
primary information carrying molecule in
cell and make up genetic material.

Answer 4

Nucleic acid

Question 5

A nitrogenous base with a six-membered ring, similar to benzene, that contains cytosine, thymine, and uracil as bases for DNA or RNA.

Answer 5

Pyrimidine

Question 6

One of two chemical substances used by cells to construct the DNA and RNA building blocks.

Answer 6

Purine

Question 7

Purine have?

Answer 7

Adenine
Guanine

Question 8

Pyrimidine have?

Answer 8

Uracil
Thymine
Cytosine

Question 9

3 TYPES OF RNA

Answer 9

mRNA – Messenger RNA
● rRNA – Ribosomal RNA
● tRNA – Transfer RNA

Question 10

● Carries genetic codes from DNA to
Ribosomes
● Nucleus to Ribosomes

Answer 10

messenger RNA -mRNA

Question 11

They transfer amino acids during
protein synthesis

Answer 11

Transfer RNA- tRNA

Question 12

Consist of 80% of the total RNA in the
body found in the ribosomes.

Answer 12

Ribosomal RNA - rRNA

Question 13

molecules that speed up
the rate of chemical
reaction.

Answer 13

Emzymes

Question 14

are the ones the glues
together the nitrogenous
bases.

Answer 14

Hydrogen bonds

Question 15

KEY PLAYERS in the process of DNA Replication

Answer 15

1.Helicase

2. Primase
3. DNA Polymerase
4. Ligase

Question 16

An enzyme that synthesizes short RNA sequences called primers. These primers serve as a starting point for DNA synthesis.

Answer 16

Primase

Question 17

An enzyme which connects two strands for DNA together

Answer 17

Ligase

Question 18

An enzyme that replicates DNA to build a new strand.

Answer 18

DNA polymerase

Question 19

An enzyme that unzips / separates the double helix by breaking the hydrogen bonds between the complementary bases.

Answer 19

Helicase

Question 20

The initializer
The builder
The unzipping enzyme
The gluer

Answer 20

Primase
DNA polymerase
Helicase
Ligase

Question 21

A region of the DNA that was replicated will be converted into mRNA.

Answer 21

Transcription

Question 22

Information in the nucleotide base
sequence of mRNA is used to dictate
the amino acid sequence of a protein.

Answer 22

Translation

Question 23

is divided into groups of 3 which is
called CODON

Answer 23

mRNA

Question 24

have a specific amino acid
attached to them which
corresponds to the mRNA

Answer 24

tRNA

Question 25

● tRNA groups of 3 is called ?

Answer 25

Anticodon

Question 26

are large category of mutations that describe a change in single nucleotide of DNA, that causes that DNA to be different from the normal type gene sequence.

Answer 26

Point mutation

Question 27

It has no effect on the protein sequence

Answer 27

Silence mutation

Question 28

● It results in an amino acid substitution

Answer 28

Missense mutation

Question 29

It substitute a stop codon for an amino acid

Answer 29

Nonsense mutation

Question 30

A deletion or insertion of one or more nucleotides will change the reading frame of the coding strand or how the codons are read.

Answer 30

Frameshift mutation

Question 31

Sometimes, mistakes occur in DNA replication, mitosis and meiosis. All of these can alter the DNA sequence and length.

Answer 31

Mutagens

Question 32

are commonly in the form of toxic chemicals and harmful radiation.

Answer 32

Mutagens

Question 33

Understanding the gene has led to the remarkable development of methods for changing a cell’s DNA.

Answer 33

Genetic engineering

Question 34

When DNA from two different species is joined together, it is called

Answer 34

Recombinant DNA

Question 35

A modern biotechnology called ____________ produces transgenic or GM crops of organisms. Scientists have developed methods to move genes from one species into another.

Answer 35

Genetic engineering

Question 36

are able to manufacture genetic products foreign to them using recombinant DNA.

Answer 36

Transgenic organisms

Question 37

has already been applied to bacteria, plants and animals. These organisms are engineered to be of use to humans.

Answer 37

Genetic engineering

Question 38

present organisms with an advantage over others and ensure their survival

Answer 38

Favorable mutations

Question 39

cause infections by entering and multiplying inside the hosts healthy cells

Answer 39

Viruses

Question 40

are single cells that can survive on their own, inside and outside the body

Answer 40

Bacteria

Question 41

● assist your body in creating new cells and repairing existing ones. ● provide structural support, biochemical catalysts, hormones, enzymes, building blocks, and trigger cellular death.

Answer 41

Proteins

Question 42

are the most abundant organic compounds found in a living organism

Answer 42

Proteins

Question 43

Greek word ng proteins and meaning

Answer 43

Proteios meaning first place

Question 44

What is the monomer of PROTEINS?

Answer 44

Amino acids

Question 45

7 MAJOR CLASSES OF PROTEINS

Answer 45

1. Structural Protein 2. Contractile Protein 3. Storage Protein 4. Defensive Protein 5. Transport Protein 6. Signal Protein 7. Enzymes

Question 46

● Found in the hair of mammals ● Fiber that makes up the tendons and ligaments Keratin, collagen, and elastin are examples of structural proteins.

Answer 46

Structural protein

Question 47

Such as ovalbumin, the main substance of egg white

Answer 47

Storage protein

Question 48

Proteins that provide muscular movement

Answer 48

Contractile protein

Question 49

includes hemoglobin, the iron-containing protein in the blood that transports oxygen from the lungs to the other parts of the body.

Answer 49

Transport Protein

Question 50

Serves as the chemical catalyst that changes the rate of chemical reactions

Answer 50

Enzymes

Question 51

Such as hormones which help coordinate body activities

Answer 51

Signal protein

Question 52

are the 9 amino acids that should be consumed

Answer 52

○ Histidine ○ Isoleucine ○ Leucine ○ Lysine ○ Methionine ○ Phenylalanine ○ Threonine ○ Tryptophan ○ Valine

Question 53

Amino acids are linked by a peptide bond also called ?

Answer 53

amind bond

Question 54

It is a covalent chemical bond formed between molecules containing a carboxyl group with another molecule containing the amine group.

Answer 54

Amino acids/ Amind bind

Question 55

● the simplest level of protein structure ● is simply the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. ● is attached together by a covalent pr peptide bonds. ● this process is done during the biosynthesis or translation

Answer 55

Primary structure

Question 56

● Refers to local folded structures that form within a polypeptide due to interactions between atoms of the backbone ● The backbone just refers to the polypeptide chain apart from the R groups – so all we mean here is that secondary structure does not involve R group atoms

Answer 56

Secondary structure

Question 57

● Is the overall three-dimensional structure of a polypeptide ● Is primarily due to interactions between the R groups of the amino acids that make up the protein.

Answer 57

Tertiary Structure

Question 58

is the association of several protein chains or subunits into a closely packed arrangement. ● Each of the subunits has its own primary, secondary, and tertiary structure

Answer 58

Quatenary structures

Question 59

Known as immunoglobulins (lg), these are Y-shaped proteins that help in protecting the body by fighting all foreign bodies called antigens.

Answer 59

Antibody (Ab)

Question 60

They also assist in the formation of new molecules by reading the genetic information stored in the DNA.

Answer 60

Enzyme

Question 61

These are vital in life processes like digestion and metabolism.

Answer 61

Enzyme

Question 62

These are biomolecules that speed up the chemical reaction in the cells.

Answer 62

Enzyme

Question 63

are proteins that transmit signals to coordinate biological processes between different cells, tissues, and organs.

Answer 63

Messenger protein Example growth hormone

Question 64

These are a type of protein that provides structure and support for cells.

Answer 64

Structural Component Example: Actin, Myosin

Question 65

These are proteins that bind and carry molecules within the cells and throughout the body

Answer 65

transport storage Example: Ferritin

Question 66

The process of making protein from RNA.

Answer 66

Proteins synthetis

Question 67

where DNA is copied to RNA

Answer 67

Transcription

Question 68

where ribosomes read the RNA to make proteins.

Answer 68

Translation