Biology Flashcards
Topic #2
What are enzymes? Their function?
Enzymes are protein made up of monomers called amino acid. They are biological catalyst that speed up the rate of cellular reactions, but are not change by the process.
What will happen if we did not have enzymes?
Without enzymes reactions are too slow to cure that the cells would die from not being able to do key life processes
What happen if the temp gets to high for enzymes?
When they reach a high enough temperature, they will lose their shape and breakdown. Just as known as denaturation. the enzyme is then unable to function as the active site is the wrong shape for the substrate.
What happen to enzymes in PH
The Ph level causes the enzymes active site to become denatured and the active site loses its important shape.
Enzyme action
An enzyme usually only act on single specific reacting a.k.a. the substrate. They have a pocket or groove structure called the active site, its shape is complementary of the substrate. The enzymes can’t be consumed or altered.
Define osmosis
Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from an area of high water potential to a area of lower water potential through a partially permeable membrane.
What are solutes?
Solutes are substances that can be dissolved in a solvent (usually water)
Solute + solvent = solution
Osmosis - turgor pressure
Turgor pressure is the force within the cell that pushes the cell membrane against the cell wall. Turgor pressure is important so that plants stay upright and have exposure to sunlight.
Define hypertonic
A hypertonic solution is one that has a higher solute concentration than the cell.
Define hypotonic
A hypotonic solution is one that has a lower solute concentration than the cell
Define isotonic
An isotonic solution has a equal concentration of solutes inside and outside the cell.
Plants cell in a hypertonic solution
When a plant cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, there is a movement of water out of the south, causing a reduction in turgor pressure and the cell membrane to peel back from the shower wall. This is known as the cell becoming plasmolysed.
Plant cell in hypotonic solution
If a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, there is a movement of water into the cell, causing an increase in turgor pressure and a cell to become turgid. The cell membrane pushes against the cell wall.
Plant cells in an isotonic solution
If a cell is placed an isotonic solution, there is no movement of water, causing the cell to stay the same.
What is glucose? Their function?
A glucose molecule is made from carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. The glucose function is to produce energy from respiration. Plants transport sucrose, which is then converted into glucose and use for respiration.