biology 1150 test two (cellular energetics) Flashcards
____ are chemical machines
cells
what do eukaryotic cells do through their cellular organelles (3)
manufacture, process, and ship biological molecules
the fuel that allows all cells to run their processes is
adenosine triphosphate (atp)
what are the “input” molecules in the production of atp (2)
glucose and oxygen gas
what does glucose do in the production of atp
stores potential energy in its chemical bonds
a waste product molecule of cellular respiration
carbon dioxide
what does oxygen gas do in the production of atp
helps process high-energy electrons
the high energy “output” of respiration reactions that is the “fuel” for all metabolic reactions in a cell
adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
atp is made for use in the cells through ____ potential metabolic biochemical reactions
two
aerobic cellular respiration is when oxygen
is present
fermentation reactions are when oxygen
is not present
what are the 4 stages of cellular respiration
- glycolysis
- transition reaction
- citric acid cycle
- electron transport chain
where does glycolysis take place
cell cytoplasm
what are the chemical inputs of glycolysis
1 glucose 2 atp
what are the outputs of glycolysis
4 atp (2 net atp), 2 NADH, 2 Pyruvate
where does fermentation take place
cell cytoplasm
what are the inputs of fermentation
2 pryuvate
outputs of fermentation
NADH
outputs of fermentation only happens when
O2 is not present
fermentation pathways allow cells to
regenerate NAD+ for glycolysis
what happens to the NADH produced by fermentation
fed back into glycolysis
you need ____ to keep breaking down glucose to make ATP
NAD+
where does pyruvate processing happen
mitochondrial matrix
where does citric acid / krebs cycle happen
mitochondrial matrix
what are the outputs of the citric acid / krebs cycle
2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2FADH, 4CO2
what are the inputs of citric acid / krebs cycle
2 Acetyl Coa
where does chemiosmosis happen
mitochondrial membrane
what are the inputs of chemiosmosis
10 NADH, 2 FADH
what are the outputs of chemiosmosis
26 ATP, H2O
ATP synthase generates the
ATP
what molecules are the ones that most cells “want” to use to make ATP
monosaccharide monomers
anabolic metabolism
building up biological molecules for use in the cell
catabolic metabolism
breaking down biological molecules for energy and as molecular building blocks
