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college > biology 1150 test two (body organization) > Flashcards

biology 1150 test two (body organization) Flashcards

1
Q

tissue defintion

A

group of cells of similar type that work together to serve a common function

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2
Q

functions of epithelial tissue (3)

A
  • cover the body surfaces
  • lines cavities and organs
  • forms glands
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3
Q

what are the four primary tissue types

A

epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue, nervous tissue

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3
Q

functions of connective tissue (3)

A

-support and protection for organs
-storage site for fat
-participates in our immunity

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4
Q

functions of muscle tissue (2)

A
  • body movement
  • movement of fluids through the body
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5
Q

function of nervous tissue

A

conduct nerve impulses though the body

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6
Q

epithelial tissue has two characteristics which are

A

a free surface and a basement membrane

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7
Q

what might the free surface of the epithelial tissue specialize for

A

protection, secretion, or absorption

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8
Q

what does the basement membrane of epithelial tissue do (2)

A
  • bind epithelial cells to connective tissue
  • help epithelial tissue resist stretching
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9
Q

what are the three simple epitheliums

A

simple squamous, simple cuboidal, simple columnar

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10
Q

simple squamous (3)

A
  • one layer of flattened cells
  • located in air sacs of lungs, heart, and blood vessel linings
  • allows exchange of nutrients, gases, and wastes
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11
Q

simple cuboidal (3)

A
  • one layer of cube-shaped cells
  • located in linings of kidney tubules and glands
  • functions in absorption and secretion
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12
Q

simple columnar (3)

A
  • one layer of tall, slender cells
  • located in lining of gut and respiratory tract
  • functions in absorption and secretion
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13
Q

what are the three stratified epitheliums

A

stratified squamous, stratified cuboidal, stratified columnar

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14
Q

stratified squamous (3)

A
  • several layers of flattened cells
  • located on surface of skin, lining of mouth, esophagus, and vagina
  • provides protection against abrasion, infection, and drying out
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15
Q

stratified cuboidal (3)

A
  • usually two layers of cube shaped cells
  • located in ducts of mammary glands, sweat glands, and salivary glands
  • functions in protection
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16
Q

stratified columnar (3)

A
  • several layers of tall, slender cells
  • rare, located in urethra
  • functions in protection and secretion
17
Q

______ glands secrete into ducts leading to body surfaces, cavities, or organs

A

exocrine

18
Q

_____ glands lack ducts and secrete their products, hormones, into spaces just outside the cells but into the body

A

endocrine

19
Q

which tissue is most abundant and widely distributed

A

connective

20
Q

where are cells contained within connective tissue

A

extracellular matrix of protein fibers and ground substance

21
Q

what are the 3 protein fibers

A
  • collagen
  • elastic
  • reticular fibers
22
Q

ground substance is ________ material

A

non-cellular

23
Q

ground substance can be solid as _____, fluid as _____, or gelatinous as ______

A

bone / blood / cartilage

24
Q

what are the 3 connective tissue propers

A

areolar connective tissue, adipose (fat) tissue, dense connective tissue

24
Q

areolar connective tissue (2)

A

-widely distributed, found under skin
-wraps and cushions organs

25
Q

adipose (fat) tissue (2)

A
  • found under skin, around kidneys, and heart
  • functions in energy storage and insulation, cushioning for organs
26
Q

dense connective tissue (2)

A
  • found in tendons and ligaments
  • forms strong bands that attach bone to muscle or bone to bone
26
Q

what are the specialized connective tissues (3)

A

cartilage, bone, blood

27
Q

cartilage (2)

A
  • found in rings of respiratory air tubes, external ear, tip of nose
  • provides flexible support, cushions
28
Q

bone (2)

A
  • found in the skeleton
  • functions in support, protection, and movement
29
Q

what are the 3 muscle tissues

A

skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle

29
Q

blood (2)

A
  • found within blood vessels
  • transports nutrients, gases, hormones, wastes, fights infections
30
Q

skeletal muscle (4)

A
  • long cylindrical striated cells with many nuclei
  • voluntary contraction
  • most are found attached to the skeleton
  • responsible for voluntary movement
31
Q

cardiac muscle (4)

A
  • branching striated cells, one nucleus
  • involuntary contraction
  • found in wall of heart
  • pumps blood through the body
32
Q

smooth muscle (5)

A
  • cells tapered at each end, one nucleus
  • involuntary contraction
  • found in walls of hallow internal organs (intestines, tubes, blood vessels)
  • contractions in digestive system move food along
  • when arranged in a circle, controls diameter of the tube
33
Q

______ tissue makes up the brain, spinal cord, and nerves

A

nervous

34
Q

nervous tissue consists of _____ and ______

A

neurons / neuroglia

35
Q

_____ generate nerve impulses and conduct them into other neurons, muscle cells, or glands

A

neurons

36
Q

neuroglia support, ________, and ________ neurons

A

insulate / protect

37
Q

organs are composed of two or more different _____ that work together to perform a specific function

A

tissues

38
Q

there are ___ major organ systems in the human body

A

11

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