biology 1150 test two (body organization) Flashcards
tissue defintion
group of cells of similar type that work together to serve a common function
functions of epithelial tissue (3)
- cover the body surfaces
- lines cavities and organs
- forms glands
what are the four primary tissue types
epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue, nervous tissue
functions of connective tissue (3)
-support and protection for organs
-storage site for fat
-participates in our immunity
functions of muscle tissue (2)
- body movement
- movement of fluids through the body
function of nervous tissue
conduct nerve impulses though the body
epithelial tissue has two characteristics which are
a free surface and a basement membrane
what might the free surface of the epithelial tissue specialize for
protection, secretion, or absorption
what does the basement membrane of epithelial tissue do (2)
- bind epithelial cells to connective tissue
- help epithelial tissue resist stretching
what are the three simple epitheliums
simple squamous, simple cuboidal, simple columnar
simple squamous (3)
- one layer of flattened cells
- located in air sacs of lungs, heart, and blood vessel linings
- allows exchange of nutrients, gases, and wastes
simple cuboidal (3)
- one layer of cube-shaped cells
- located in linings of kidney tubules and glands
- functions in absorption and secretion
simple columnar (3)
- one layer of tall, slender cells
- located in lining of gut and respiratory tract
- functions in absorption and secretion
what are the three stratified epitheliums
stratified squamous, stratified cuboidal, stratified columnar
stratified squamous (3)
- several layers of flattened cells
- located on surface of skin, lining of mouth, esophagus, and vagina
- provides protection against abrasion, infection, and drying out
stratified cuboidal (3)
- usually two layers of cube shaped cells
- located in ducts of mammary glands, sweat glands, and salivary glands
- functions in protection
stratified columnar (3)
- several layers of tall, slender cells
- rare, located in urethra
- functions in protection and secretion
______ glands secrete into ducts leading to body surfaces, cavities, or organs
exocrine
_____ glands lack ducts and secrete their products, hormones, into spaces just outside the cells but into the body
endocrine
which tissue is most abundant and widely distributed
connective
where are cells contained within connective tissue
extracellular matrix of protein fibers and ground substance
what are the 3 protein fibers
- collagen
- elastic
- reticular fibers
ground substance is ________ material
non-cellular
ground substance can be solid as _____, fluid as _____, or gelatinous as ______
bone / blood / cartilage
what are the 3 connective tissue propers
areolar connective tissue, adipose (fat) tissue, dense connective tissue
areolar connective tissue (2)
-widely distributed, found under skin
-wraps and cushions organs
adipose (fat) tissue (2)
- found under skin, around kidneys, and heart
- functions in energy storage and insulation, cushioning for organs
dense connective tissue (2)
- found in tendons and ligaments
- forms strong bands that attach bone to muscle or bone to bone
what are the specialized connective tissues (3)
cartilage, bone, blood
cartilage (2)
- found in rings of respiratory air tubes, external ear, tip of nose
- provides flexible support, cushions
bone (2)
- found in the skeleton
- functions in support, protection, and movement
what are the 3 muscle tissues
skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle
blood (2)
- found within blood vessels
- transports nutrients, gases, hormones, wastes, fights infections
skeletal muscle (4)
- long cylindrical striated cells with many nuclei
- voluntary contraction
- most are found attached to the skeleton
- responsible for voluntary movement
cardiac muscle (4)
- branching striated cells, one nucleus
- involuntary contraction
- found in wall of heart
- pumps blood through the body
smooth muscle (5)
- cells tapered at each end, one nucleus
- involuntary contraction
- found in walls of hallow internal organs (intestines, tubes, blood vessels)
- contractions in digestive system move food along
- when arranged in a circle, controls diameter of the tube
______ tissue makes up the brain, spinal cord, and nerves
nervous
nervous tissue consists of _____ and ______
neurons / neuroglia
_____ generate nerve impulses and conduct them into other neurons, muscle cells, or glands
neurons
neuroglia support, ________, and ________ neurons
insulate / protect
organs are composed of two or more different _____ that work together to perform a specific function
tissues
there are ___ major organ systems in the human body
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