biology 1150 test two (body organization)

Question 1

tissue defintion

Answer 1

group of cells of similar type that work together to serve a common function

Question 2

functions of epithelial tissue (3)

Answer 2

• cover the body surfaces
• lines cavities and organs
• forms glands

Question 3

what are the four primary tissue types

Answer 3

epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue, nervous tissue

Question 3

functions of connective tissue (3)

Answer 3

-support and protection for organs
-storage site for fat
-participates in our immunity

Question 4

functions of muscle tissue (2)

Answer 4

• body movement
• movement of fluids through the body

Question 5

function of nervous tissue

Answer 5

conduct nerve impulses though the body

Question 6

epithelial tissue has two characteristics which are

Answer 6

a free surface and a basement membrane

Question 7

what might the free surface of the epithelial tissue specialize for

Answer 7

protection, secretion, or absorption

Question 8

what does the basement membrane of epithelial tissue do (2)

Answer 8

• bind epithelial cells to connective tissue
• help epithelial tissue resist stretching

Question 9

what are the three simple epitheliums

Answer 9

simple squamous, simple cuboidal, simple columnar

Question 10

simple squamous (3)

Answer 10

• one layer of flattened cells
• located in air sacs of lungs, heart, and blood vessel linings
• allows exchange of nutrients, gases, and wastes

Question 11

simple cuboidal (3)

Answer 11

• one layer of cube-shaped cells
• located in linings of kidney tubules and glands
• functions in absorption and secretion

Question 12

simple columnar (3)

Answer 12

• one layer of tall, slender cells
• located in lining of gut and respiratory tract
• functions in absorption and secretion

Question 13

what are the three stratified epitheliums

Answer 13

stratified squamous, stratified cuboidal, stratified columnar

Question 14

stratified squamous (3)

Answer 14

• several layers of flattened cells
• located on surface of skin, lining of mouth, esophagus, and vagina
• provides protection against abrasion, infection, and drying out

Question 15

stratified cuboidal (3)

Answer 15

• usually two layers of cube shaped cells
• located in ducts of mammary glands, sweat glands, and salivary glands
• functions in protection

Question 16

stratified columnar (3)

Answer 16

• several layers of tall, slender cells
• rare, located in urethra
• functions in protection and secretion

Question 17

______ glands secrete into ducts leading to body surfaces, cavities, or organs

Answer 17

exocrine

Question 18

_____ glands lack ducts and secrete their products, hormones, into spaces just outside the cells but into the body

Answer 18

endocrine

Question 19

which tissue is most abundant and widely distributed

Answer 19

connective

Question 20

where are cells contained within connective tissue

Answer 20

extracellular matrix of protein fibers and ground substance

Question 21

what are the 3 protein fibers

Answer 21

• collagen
• elastic
• reticular fibers

Question 22

ground substance is ________ material

Answer 22

non-cellular

Question 23

ground substance can be solid as _____, fluid as _____, or gelatinous as ______

Answer 23

bone / blood / cartilage

Question 24

what are the 3 connective tissue propers

Answer 24

areolar connective tissue, adipose (fat) tissue, dense connective tissue

Question 24

areolar connective tissue (2)

Answer 24

-widely distributed, found under skin -wraps and cushions organs

Question 25

adipose (fat) tissue (2)

Answer 25

- found under skin, around kidneys, and heart - functions in energy storage and insulation, cushioning for organs

Question 26

dense connective tissue (2)

Answer 26

- found in tendons and ligaments - forms strong bands that attach bone to muscle or bone to bone

Question 26

what are the specialized connective tissues (3)

Answer 26

cartilage, bone, blood

Question 27

cartilage (2)

Answer 27

- found in rings of respiratory air tubes, external ear, tip of nose - provides flexible support, cushions

Question 28

bone (2)

Answer 28

- found in the skeleton - functions in support, protection, and movement

Question 29

what are the 3 muscle tissues

Answer 29

skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle

Question 29

blood (2)

Answer 29

- found within blood vessels - transports nutrients, gases, hormones, wastes, fights infections

Question 30

skeletal muscle (4)

Answer 30

- long cylindrical striated cells with many nuclei - voluntary contraction - most are found attached to the skeleton - responsible for voluntary movement

Question 31

cardiac muscle (4)

Answer 31

- branching striated cells, one nucleus - involuntary contraction - found in wall of heart - pumps blood through the body

Question 32

smooth muscle (5)

Answer 32

- cells tapered at each end, one nucleus - involuntary contraction - found in walls of hallow internal organs (intestines, tubes, blood vessels) - contractions in digestive system move food along - when arranged in a circle, controls diameter of the tube

Question 33

______ tissue makes up the brain, spinal cord, and nerves

Answer 33

nervous

Question 34

nervous tissue consists of _____ and ______

Answer 34

neurons / neuroglia

Question 35

_____ generate nerve impulses and conduct them into other neurons, muscle cells, or glands

Answer 35

neurons

Question 36

neuroglia support, ________, and ________ neurons

Answer 36

insulate / protect

Question 37

organs are composed of two or more different _____ that work together to perform a specific function

Answer 37

tissues

Question 38

there are ___ major organ systems in the human body

Answer 38

11