Biological Molecules Real

Question 1

Monomer vs polymer

Answer 1

Monomer: a smaller unit that’s a building block of larger molecules
Polymer: made from many monomers bonded together

Question 2

What are the diff monomers and polymers

Answer 2

Monomers: Polymers:
Glucose - Starch, clulose, glyc
Amino acid - Protein
Nucleotide - DNA n RNA

Question 3

Condensation vs hydrolysis

Answer 3

Condensation: joining two molecules, creating a bond, removing water
Hydrolysis: breaks chemical bond between two molecules, uses water

Question 4

What are the 3 carbohydrate types and what examples are necessary?

Answer 4

Monosaccharides - one sugar
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose
Disaccharide - two sugars
Sucrose
Maltose
Lactose
Polysaccharide - multiple sugars
Starch
Cellulose
Glycogen

Question 5

Alpha vs beta glucose and why is glucose an isomer

Answer 5

Glucose has the same molecular formula but different structures
Alpha = H on top
beta = OH on top

Question 6

Talk about disaccharides

Answer 6

Made up of 2 monomers
Joined together by glycosidic bond
Formed by condensation reaction
Glucose + glucose = maltose + water
Glucose + fructose = sucrose + water
Glucose + galactose = lactose + water

Question 7

Talk about polysaccharides

Answer 7

Condensation reaction between several glucose monomers
Starch (alpha glucose) - store of glucose in plants (eg chloroplast)
Cellulose (beta glucose) - structural strength in plants (cell wall)
Glycogen (alpha glucose) - store of glucose in animals (muscle & liver cells)

Question 8

Compare diff bonds in polysaccharides

Answer 8

Starch = amylose - 1-4 glycosidic
Amylopectin - 1-4 & 1-6 glycosidic
Cellulose = 1-4
Glycogen = 1-4 and 1-6

Question 9

Compare structures of polysaccharides

Answer 9

Starch = 2 polymers:
Amylose (unbranched helix)
Amylopectin (branched molecule)
Cellulose = polymer forms long straight chains held together by hydrogen bonds to form fibrils
Glycogen = highly branched molecule

Question 10

How does the structure of polysaccharides relate to the function

Answer 10

Starch - helix compacts to fit much glucose in small space, branched structure increases SA for quick hydrolysis back to glucose, insoluble so water potential isn’t affected
Cellulose - many hydrogen bonds = highly strength, insoluble
Glycogen - branched structure, insoluble