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A LEVEL BIOLOGY > BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES - Amino Acids & Enzymes > Flashcards

BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES - Amino Acids & Enzymes Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the function of enzymes in biological systems?

A

Enzymes act as biological catalysts to speed up chemical reactions.

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2
Q

True or False: Enzymes are consumed in chemical reactions.

A

False

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3
Q

What is the active site of an enzyme?

A

The region of the enzyme where the substrate binds and the chemical reaction occurs.

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4
Q

Fill in the blank: Enzymes lower the ________ of activation for chemical reactions.

A

energy

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5
Q

What type of biomolecule are enzymes?

A

Proteins

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6
Q

What is the term for the substance on which an enzyme acts?

A

Substrate

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7
Q

What is denaturation of an enzyme?

A

The loss of the enzyme’s shape and function due to high temperature or extreme pH.

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8
Q

What is the name of the model that describes enzyme-substrate interactions?

A

Lock and Key model

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9
Q

What is the name of the model that suggests enzymes change shape upon binding with substrate?

A

Induced Fit model

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10
Q

What is the term for a non-protein molecule that helps an enzyme function?

A

Cofactor

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11
Q

What are the building blocks of proteins?

A

Amino acids

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12
Q

How many different amino acids are commonly found in proteins?

A

20

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13
Q

Fill in the blank: Amino acids are linked together by ________ bonds to form proteins.

A

peptide

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14
Q

What is the term for the sequence of amino acids in a protein?

A

Primary structure

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15
Q

What is the secondary structure of a protein?

A

Regular, repeating patterns such as alpha helices and beta sheets.

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16
Q

What is the tertiary structure of a protein?

A

Overall 3D shape formed by interactions between amino acid side chains.

17
Q

What is the quaternary structure of a protein?

A

Structure formed by the interaction of multiple protein subunits.

18
Q

What is a zymogen?

A

Inactive precursor form of an enzyme that requires activation.

19
Q

What is the term for the specific region of an enzyme where a cofactor binds?

A

Cofactor-binding site

20
Q

True or False: Enzymes are highly specific in the reactions they catalyze.

A

True

21
Q

What is the name of the substance that inhibits an enzyme by binding to the active site?

A

Competitive inhibitor

22
Q

What is the name of the substance that inhibits an enzyme by binding to a site other than the active site?

A

Non-competitive inhibitor

23
Q

What is the term for the optimum pH at which an enzyme functions best?

A

Optimal pH

24
Q

What is the term for the optimum temperature at which an enzyme functions best?

A

Optimal temperature

25
Q

What is the name of the process by which an enzyme loses its shape and function?

A

Denaturation

A LEVEL BIOLOGY (7 decks)

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