Biological molecules

Question 1

what is a condensation reaction?

Answer 1

two molecules are joined and water is released

Question 2

what is a hydrolysis reaction?

Answer 2

two molecules are broken apart and water is gained

Question 3

what are the properties of water?

Answer 3

• liquid
• density
• solvent
• cohesion and adhesion
• high specific heat capacity
• high latent heat of vaporisation
• reactant

Question 4

what are carbohydrates used for?

Answer 4

• a source of energy

- stores energy

Question 5

what are the 3 main groups of carbohydrates?

Answer 5

• monosaccharides
• disaccharides
• polysaccharides

Question 6

list some monosaccharides?

Answer 6

• alpha glucose
• beta glucose
• ribose
• deoxyribose

Question 7

what is the role of a-glucose in the body?

Answer 7

• energy source

- component of starch and glycogen, which acts as energy stores

Question 8

what is the role of B-glucose in the body?

Answer 8

• energy source

- provides structural support

Question 9

what is the role of ribose in the body?

Answer 9

-component of RNA, ATP and NAD

Question 10

what is the function of deoxyribose in the body?

Answer 10

-component of DNA

Question 11

name the three types of polysaccharide.

Answer 11

• amylose
• amylopectin
• glycogen

Question 12

what is the structure of amylose?

Answer 12

• spiral shape

- 1,4 bonds

Question 13

what is the structure of amylopectin?

Answer 13

• spiral shape

- 1,4 and 1,6 bonds

Question 14

what is the structure of glycogen?

Answer 14

• less tendency to coil
• branched
• 1,4 bonds

Question 15

what forms plant cell walls?

Answer 15

cellulose

Question 16

what is cellulose made of?

Answer 16

-B glucose

Question 17

what are the 3 main types of lipids?

Answer 17

• triglycerides
• phospholipids
• steroids

Question 18

what is the structure of a triglyceride?

Answer 18

3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol

Question 19

what is the function of a triglyceride?

Answer 19

• energy source
• energy store
• insulation
• buoyancy
• protection

Question 20

what is the structure of a phospholipid?

Answer 20

• hydrophilic head

- hydrophobic tail

Question 21

what is the role of cholesterol in the phospholipid bilayer?

Answer 21

-maintains fluidity

Question 22

what is a protein?

Answer 22

• large polymer

- a large chain of amino acids

Question 23

draw the structure of an amino acid

Answer 23

-see page 65 in the textbook for answer

Question 24

what is the primary structure of a protein?

Answer 24

-sequence of amino acids

Question 25

what is the secondary structure of proteins?

Answer 25

• alpha helix

- beta pleated sheet

Question 26

what is the tertiary structure of proteins?

Answer 26

-more folded, begins to form fibrous or globular proteins

Question 27

what is the quaternary structure of a protein?

Answer 27

• haemoglobin

- many types of bonds

Question 28

what are the 4 types of bonding that can be found in proteins?

Answer 28

• hydrogen bonds
• ionic bonds
• disulphide links
• hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions

Question 29

what is a fibrous protein?

Answer 29

• long and relatively thin

- e.g collagen

Question 30

what is a globular protein?

Answer 30

• relatively spherical

- e.g haemoglobin

Question 31

what are the cations?

Answer 31

• calcium
• sodium
• potassium
• hydrogen
• ammonium

Question 32

what are the anions?

Answer 32

• nitrate
• hydrogencarbonate
• chloride
• phosphate
• hydroxide