Biological molecules Flashcards
what is a condensation reaction?
two molecules are joined and water is released
what is a hydrolysis reaction?
two molecules are broken apart and water is gained
what are the properties of water?
- liquid
- density
- solvent
- cohesion and adhesion
- high specific heat capacity
- high latent heat of vaporisation
- reactant
what are carbohydrates used for?
- a source of energy
- stores energy
what are the 3 main groups of carbohydrates?
- monosaccharides
- disaccharides
- polysaccharides
list some monosaccharides?
- alpha glucose
- beta glucose
- ribose
- deoxyribose
what is the role of a-glucose in the body?
- energy source
- component of starch and glycogen, which acts as energy stores
what is the role of B-glucose in the body?
- energy source
- provides structural support
what is the role of ribose in the body?
-component of RNA, ATP and NAD
what is the function of deoxyribose in the body?
-component of DNA
name the three types of polysaccharide.
- amylose
- amylopectin
- glycogen
what is the structure of amylose?
- spiral shape
- 1,4 bonds
what is the structure of amylopectin?
- spiral shape
- 1,4 and 1,6 bonds
what is the structure of glycogen?
- less tendency to coil
- branched
- 1,4 bonds
what forms plant cell walls?
cellulose
what is cellulose made of?
-B glucose
what are the 3 main types of lipids?
- triglycerides
- phospholipids
- steroids
what is the structure of a triglyceride?
3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol
what is the function of a triglyceride?
- energy source
- energy store
- insulation
- buoyancy
- protection
what is the structure of a phospholipid?
- hydrophilic head
- hydrophobic tail
what is the role of cholesterol in the phospholipid bilayer?
-maintains fluidity
what is a protein?
- large polymer
- a large chain of amino acids
draw the structure of an amino acid
-see page 65 in the textbook for answer
what is the primary structure of a protein?
-sequence of amino acids
