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Biology > Biological Molecules > Flashcards

Biological Molecules Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Percentage of proteins in bacterial vs mammalian cell

A

15 bacterial
18 mammalian

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2
Q

Percentage of carbohydrates in bacterial vs mammalian cell

A

3 bacterial
4 mammalian

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3
Q

Percentage of lipids in bacterial vs mammalian cell

A

2 bacterial
3 mammalian

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4
Q

Percentage of DNA in bacterial vs mammalian cell

A

1 bacterial
0.25 mammalian

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5
Q

Percentage of RNA in bacterial vs mammalian cell

A

6 bacterial
1.1 mammalian

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6
Q

Percentage of Water in bacterial vs mammalian cell

A

70 in both

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7
Q

Percentage of enzymes, hormones, etc in bacterial vs mammalian cell

A

2 in both

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8
Q

Percentage of inorganic ions in bacterial vs mammalian cell

A

1 in both

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9
Q

Cohesive vs adhesive

A

Cohesive means water molecules stick to e/o
Adhesive means water molecules stick to other surfaces

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10
Q

Specific heat of water

A

4.18 J/gmCº

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11
Q

Heat of vaporization of water

A

2260 J/gm

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12
Q

Which types of carbohydrates are sweetest and which are tastless

A

Monosaccharides are sweetest
Polysaccharides have no taste

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13
Q

Sweetest monosaccahride

A

Fructose

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14
Q

List monosaccharide names

A

Glucose
Galactose
Fructose

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15
Q

All disaccharides and how to get them

A

glucose + glucose = maltose
glucose + galactose = lactose
glucose + fructose = sucrose (genshin 2nd banner so DIsaccharide)

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16
Q

Glucose + Fructose + Galactose =

A

Raffinose

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17
Q

Sucrose is a _____________ sugar

A

non reducing

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18
Q

Our bodies can only use _____ sugars and our amino acids are ____________

A

Right handed sugars
Left handed amino acids

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19
Q

Bacteria have ______ amino acids

A

Right handed

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20
Q

1.6 is

A

branched

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21
Q

Starch is made up of

A

a glucose 1,4 + 1,6

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22
Q

Glycigen is made up of

A

a gluvose 1,6

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23
Q

Cellulose is made up of

A

beta glucose 1,4

24
Q

Chitin is made up of

A

beta glucose 1,4

25
Q

Chitin has a _____ group

A

Amino group (NH2)

26
Q

grapes contain

A

27% of glucose

27
Q

Simplest amino acid

A

GLycine

28
Q

Aromatic amino acids

A

Phenylalanine and tryosine

29
Q

How many aa in hemoglobin

A

574

30
Q

In sickle cell anemia

A

Glutamic acid is replaced by valine

31
Q

How many alpha and betwa chains in hemoglobin and how many A.A in eaach

A

2 alpha (141 A.A)
2 Beta (146 A.A)

32
Q

Examples of fibrous proteins

A

Keratin, Myosin, Collagen, Fibrinogen

33
Q

Globular proteins examples

A

Hemoglobin, Albumen, enzymes, antibodies

34
Q

Globular proteins are

A

Water soluhle

35
Q

Fibrous proteins are

A

Water insoluble

36
Q

Precurosors of Amino acids

A

Ketoglutaric acid

37
Q

Who discovered first A.A sequence and in what

A

Sanger in 1951 in insulin

38
Q

Most fatty avids contain

A

16-18 carbon atoms

39
Q

Saturated acid example

A

Palmatic acid

40
Q

Unsaturated fatty acids example

A

Oleic acid

41
Q

Saturated fatty acids have a ______ mp/bp

A

Higher

42
Q

Phosphate head is

A

Polar and hydrophilic

43
Q

Second messengers examples

A

Arachidonic acid, phosphatidate, diaglycerol

44
Q

Waxes are

A

long chain fatty acids with long chain alcohols

45
Q

Each steroid is formed with a backbone of

A

4 fused carbon rings (17C)

46
Q

Precursor of all steroid hormones

A

Cholestrol

47
Q

Steroid hormone examples

A

Cholesterol, aldosterone, vit D, testosterone, progesterone[r

48
Q

Nitrogenous base attached to carbon number ___ and phosphate attached to carbon ____

A

Nitrogenous to oNe
and PHosPHate to Five

49
Q

Pyramidines

A

Uracil
Thymine
Cytosine

50
Q

Purines

A

Adenine
Guanine

51
Q

Which has single ring

A

Pyramidines

52
Q

RNA is a _____ polynucleotide strand

A

Single

53
Q

Lipoprotein examples

A

Plasma membrane

54
Q

Glycolipids are important components of

A

Brain and plasma membrane

55
Q

Glycoproteins are present in

A

Egg albumin

Biology (18 decks)

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