Biological factors

Question 1

what are biological factors that influence visual perception

Answer 1

they are grounded in physiology (functions of the body) and are siimilar for most people

Question 2

when are biological factors not the same for people

Answer 2

difference in functionality can be experienced by an individual due to genetics, injury, age etc

Question 3

why are biological factors similar for most people

Answer 3

due to humans sharing the same genetic blue print that governs our processes

Question 4

biological factors refer to what kind of cues

Answer 4

depth cues

Question 5

what is depth cues/perception

Answer 5

the ability to judge distances and see the world in three dimensions, which helps us determine how near or far an object is from another object or ourselves

Question 6

what are the two kinds of depth cuees

Answer 6

monocular depth cues and binocular depth cues

Question 7

what do biological depth cues allow us to do

Answer 7

to convert 2D visual stimuli into a 3D reality

Question 8

binocular depth cues

Answer 8

depth cues that require both eyes to send information to the brain to percieve depth, include retinal disparity and covergence

Question 9

why do individuals with sight in one eye not percieve depth to the same extent

Answer 9

because they dont have two eyes so do not have binocular depth cues

Question 10

convergence

Answer 10

inward turning of the eyes which is detected by the brain as tension changes in the muscles surrounding the eye

Question 11

how does the visual cortex work in convergence

Answer 11

the brain detects an increase in muscle tension in both eyes, the visual cortex is activated by this cue to assist in determining the depth and distance of an object

Question 12

when an object is further away how does convergence operate

Answer 12

there is a less turning inwards of the eye and less muscle tension, causing to percieve object is close

Question 13

when an object is close, how does convergence operate

Answer 13

there is a great turning inward of the eye ans stronger muscle tension allowing to percieve it as closeq

Question 14

when does convergence not operate

Answer 14

when an object is beyond 7 m of the viewer as the eyes then remain paralell

Question 15

retinal disparity

Answer 15

the brain deteecting similarities and differences between info being sent from each eye due to pupils being 6-7cm apart, this mismatch info provides cues about the objects depth and distance

Question 16

when the disparity/difference between the images from each eye is great

Answer 16

the object is percieved as close to the observer

Question 17

when the disparity/difference between the images from each eye is small

Answer 17

the object is percieved as further away

Question 18

when does retinal disparity become pointless

Answer 18

when the object is more than 10m away as the images recieved on each retina are virtually the same

Question 19

why is in hard to detect depth of distant objects

Answer 19

because convergence and retinal disparity cannot be used

Question 20

monocular depth cues

Answer 20

depth cues that require only one eye to send info to the brain to percieve dpeth, includes accomodation

Question 21

accomodation

Answer 21

the automatic focusing mechanism of the lens in the eye to adjust the shape of the lens in response to differubg distances of view from the objecyy (lens either bulges or flattens)

Question 22

accomodation for nearby objects

Answer 22

the ciliary muscles contract and cause the lens to bulge, the brain monotors this movement and uses this info to determine the depth and distance of the object

Question 23

accomodation for faraway objects

Answer 23

the cikiary muscles relax and cause the lens to elongate/flatten, the brain monotors this movement and uses this info to determine the depth and distance of the object

Question 24

does accomodation alow for to focus of moving objects

Answer 24

yes as it allows for continous focusing