biological classification Flashcards
free living n2 fixating bacteria
Azotobacter, clostridium,Beijinrinckia
symbiotic n2 fixating bacteria
rhizobium,frankia,xanthomonas
vinegar production
acetobacter aceti
vinegar production
acetobacter aceti
curd, cheese, yoghurt production
lactobacillus,streptococcus lacti
retting of fibres
clostridium perfringes, pseudomonas inflorescence
curing of leaves
bacillus megatherium
what makes archaebacteris different from other bacterias
structure of cell wall of archaebacteria is responsible for its survival in harsh conditions, the cell membrane contains branch chained lipids in a lipid monolayer
archaebacteria living in marshy habitats
methanogens
where are methanogens found in animals, what are they responsible for producing
guts of ruminants like cows and buffaloes, responsible for producing methane gas from the dung of these animals.
archaebacteria present in salty conditions
halophiles
archaebacteria present in salty conditions
halophiles
archaebacteria present in region of extreme temperatures and acidity
thermoacidophiles
what temperature and salinity can thermoacidophiles tolerate
80°C and pH 2
what are eubacteria characterized by
rigid cell wall, if motile, flagellum
mode of nutrition of cyanobacteria
photosynthetic autotrophs with chlorophyll a
characteristics of bacteria
unicellular, filamentous colonial, 70s ribosomes, cell wall of peptidoglycan, most are heterotrophic some are autotrophic, reproduction is of asexual type - binary fission usually
characteristics of bacteria
unicellular, filamentous colonial, 70s ribosomes, cell wall of peptidoglycan, most are heterotrophic some are autotrophic, reproduction is of asexual type - binary fission usually
habitat of cyanobacteria
freshwater/marine or terrestrial algae
habitat of cyanobacteria
freshwater/marine or terrestrial algae
first organism to perform oxygenic photosynthesis
cyanobacteria
which bacteria forms blooms in polluted water bodies
cyanobacteria - anabaena flos-aquae ( algal blooms )
colonies of cyanobacteria are surrounded by
gelatinous sheth
symbiotic associations lf cyanobacteria
anabaena azollae - azolla(aquatic fern)
anabaena cycadae - cycas root ( gymnosperm )
cyanobacteria is characterized by
absence of flagellum
cyanobacteria with specialized cells that fix atmospheric n2
nostoc, anabaena
specialized cells that fix N2
heterocysts
most abundant bacteria
heterotrophic
cholera is caused by
vibrio cholerae
typhoid is caused by
salmonella typhi
tetanus is caused by
clostridium tetani
tetanus is caused by
clostridium tetani
citrus canker is caused by
xanthomonas citri
under unfavorable conditions bacteria produce
spores
red sea is caused by
cyanobacteria - trichodesmium erythroem
the smallest living cells
mycoplasma
mycoplasma are also called as
jokers of plant kingdom, PPLO, bacteria with their coats off
bacteria that is pathogenic to animals and plants
mycoplasma
describe bacterial structure and behaviour
structure is simple but behaviour is complex
group showing most metabolic diversity
bacteria
term protista was coined by ernst hackel
kingdom that forms link between plants animals and fungi
prostista
all single celled eukaryotes are placed under
prostista
reproduction in prostists
asexually by cell fusion, sexually by zygote formation
movement is
by pseudopodia, flagella, cilia
mode of nutrition
mixotrophic
protista are divided into
(dinoflagellates, diatoms, euglenoid) - photosynthetic
slime moulds-decomposers, protozoans
characteristics of protozoa
unicellular,eukaryotic, 80s ribosomes, 9+2 organisations of microtubules, photoautotrophic, good indicators of water pollution, lacking flagella except for in reproductive stage
habitat of diatoms
aquatic, fresh water
what is diatomaceous earth
build up of silica from the cell wall of diatoms
chief produccers of the ocean
diatoms
soap box structure of cell wall is present in
diatoms
use of diatomaceous earth
polishing, filtering of oil and syrups, sugarcane refineries
diatomaceous earth is also called as
diatomite, kiesulghr earth
examples of diatoms
triceratium, navicula, cymbella, melosira
habitat of dinoflagellates
mostly marine, few fresh water
red tide is caused by
gonyalaux
describe cell wall of dinoflagellates
cell wall contains stiff cellulosi plstes with pectin
dinoflagellates are also called as
armoured dinoflagellates, fire of the ocean, whirling whips
bioluminescent dinoflagellates
noctiluca, pyrodinium, pyrocystis
toxin producing dinoflagellates
gonyalaux catenella,gymnodium
name of toxin produced by dinoflagellates and what it causes
saxitoxin, PSP(paralytic shell fish poisoning)
describe euglenoid group
group pf chlorophyllous and non-chlorlphyllous organisms, most are fresh water organisms found in stagnant water
locomotory structure of euglenoids
flagella
describe cell wall of euglenoids
cell wall is absent, instead a proteinaceous elastic pellicle is present which make their body flexible
describe nutrition of euglenoids
mixotrophic, mostly photosynthetic in the presence of sunlight but if deprived prey on other organisms behaving like a heterotrophs
nature of photosynthetic pigment of euglenoids
chlorophyll a, present in higher plants
examples of euglenoids
euglena and paranema
largest genera of euglenoids
euglena
connecting link b/w animals and plants
euglenoids
characteristics of slime mould
free living, naked protoplast, no cell wall, saprotrophic
under favourable conditions slime moulds form
plasmodium
under unfavorable conditions, plasmodium
differentiates and forms fruiting bodies with spores at tips
nature of slime mould spores
possess true walls and extremely resistant can survive for year, dispersed by air currents
protozoans nutrition
heterotrophs and live as predators
protozoans are believed to be
primitive relatives of animals
divisions lf protozoas
amoeboid, flagellated, ciliated, sporozoans
amoeboid protozoans habitat
fresh water, sea water, moist soil
locomotory structure of amoeboid protozoans
pseudopodia
example of amoeboid protozoans
entamoeba, amoeba