anatomy of flowering plants

Question 1

meristems are divided into

Answer 1

primary and secondary meristems

Question 2

primary meristems form

Answer 2

primary permanent tissue

Question 3

on the basis of origin m meristems is. divided into

Answer 3

apical, intercalary, lateral

Question 4

apical meristems is present at

Answer 4

tips of root, stem or branch

Question 5

how is axillary bud formed

Answer 5

cells of shoot apical meristem continuously divide to contribute to growth of stem, some cells get left behind in the axil of stem too form axillary bud

Question 6

intercalary meristem

Answer 6

intercalated between mature permanent tissues, seperated from the apex of the organ by mature tissue

Question 7

lateral meristems

Answer 7

occur in lateral sides of roots and shoots, does not occur in all plants

Question 8

meristematic cells divide and differentiate to form

Answer 8

permanent cells

Question 9

parenchyma

Answer 9

forms major component within organs of plants, living cells, thin cell walls, cellulosic walls,

Question 10

functions of parenchyma

Answer 10

storage of carbohydrates, fats, oils, protein, photosynthesis - chlorenchyma, secretion of substances like resin, nectar, oils, aromatic substances

Question 11

collenchyma

Answer 11

elastic living mechanical tissue, intercellular spaces are absent, thicken ening of pectin, hemicellulose, cellulose at corners of walls

Question 12

collenchyma occurs

Answer 12

in 3-4 l layers below epidermis in dicot plants, it i is absent in monocots

Question 13

functions of collenchyma

Answer 13

provides mechanical strength to growing parts of plant, photosynthesis when its cells possess chloroplasts

Question 14

sclerenchyma

Answer 14

usually dead without protoplast, elongated narrow, cell wall has cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin which provides mechanical strength due to its thick deposition, makes the cell impermeable to water, walls contains numerous pits

Question 15

schlerenchymatous fibres

Answer 15

cells are highly elongated, thick cell walls which may become so lignified that lumen gets reduced, associated with xylem and phloem, mechanical strength

Question 16

schlereids

Answer 16

spherical, oval, cylindrical cells with thickened cell wall, reduced lumen, may occur in groups or singly,present in hard and soft parts of plant

Question 17

xylem

Answer 17

chief water conducting tissue

Question 18

first formed primary xylem; later formed primary xylem

Answer 18

protoxylem, metaxylem

Question 19

endarch

Answer 19

protoxylem is towards the pith side and metaxylem is towards the periphery of the organ, seen in stems

Question 20

exarch

Answer 20

metaxylem is found towards the pith and protoxylem is found towards periphery, seen in roots

Question 21

secondary xylem is formed by

Answer 21

vascular cambium

Question 22

chief conductive tissue of gymnosperm

Answer 22

xylem tracheids

Question 23

xylem tracheids

Answer 23

elongated cells with tapering ends, unicellular, dead cells without protoplast, thick cell of lignin lumen is present,

Question 24

xylem tracheids

Answer 24

elongated cells with tapering ends, unicellular, dead cells without protoplast, thick cell of lignin lumen is present,

Question 25

xylem vessels

Answer 25

long cylindrical tube of cell fusions each vessel members has a long cylindrical cavity for water transport devoid of protoplasm and dead

Question 26

occurrence of xylem vessels

Answer 26

characteristic feature of angiosperms, absent in gymnosperms and pteridophytes, absent in primitive angiosperm families like tetracentraceae, trochodenndraceae, winteraceae

Question 27

xylem fibres

Answer 27

schlerenchymatous fibres with long narrow tapering ends and lignified cell walls with obliterated lumen walls may be sepate or aseptate

Question 28

occurrence of xylem fibres

Answer 28

components of xylem in all vascular plants

Question 29

xylem p parenchyma

Answer 29

living thin walled, dense protoplasm o present in all vascular plants, help in storage of food, radial conduction of water, store substances like tannins

Question 30

elements of phloem

Answer 30

sieve tube elements, companion cells, phloem fibres, phloem parenchyma

Question 31

sieve tubes

Answer 31

contains many cells called sieve tribe elements arranged longitudinally to form long tube like structures

Question 32

o occurrence of sieve tubes

Answer 32

absent in pteridophytes, gymnosperms

Question 33

companion cells

Answer 33

long narrow, thin walled, attached to l lateral sides of sieve tubes, pits may be present in common wall of siebe tube and companion cells, pits help in faster conduction of material, living cells with nucleus, present in angiosperms only, gymnosperms contains albuminous carried instead, maintains pressure gradient

Question 34

p phloem fibres

Answer 34

also called as bast fibres, schlerenchymatous fibres, elongated and unbranched cell wall is thick , dead without protoplasm generally absent in primary phloem present in secondary phloem, fibres of jute,flax and hemp are used

Question 35

phloem parenchyma

Answer 35

parenchymatous cells, dense cytoplasm, prominent nucleus, cellulosic walls, pits present, found in dicots

Question 36

what tissue forms the outermost covering of the whole plant body

Answer 36

epidermal tissue

Question 37

epidermal tissue system consists of

Answer 37

epidermal cells, stomata, epidermal appendages - trichomes and hair

Question 39

what is the outermost layer of the primary plant body

Answer 39

epidermis

Question 40

epidermis is made up of

Answer 40

elongated, compactly arranged cells which form a continuous layer

Question 41

epidermis is usually

Answer 41

single layered

Question 42

multilayered epidermis is present in

Answer 42

ficus, nerium

Question 43

epidermal cells are

Answer 43

parenchymatous, small amount of cytoplasm lining the cell wall, large vacuole

Question 44

the outside of the epidermis is

Answer 44

OFTEN covered with a waxy thin layer called cuticle

Question 45

function of cuticle

Answer 45

prevents water loss

Question 46

cuticle is absent in

Answer 46

roots

Question 47

where are stomata present

Answer 47

epidermis of leaves

Question 48

function of stomata

Answer 48

regulate process of gaseous exchange and transpiration

Question 49

each stoma consists of

Answer 49

2 bean shaped cells called guard cells

Question 50

guard cells enclose

Answer 50

stomatal pore

Question 51

in grasses, guard cells are

Answer 51

dumb bell shaped

Question 52

guard cells, outer wall- inner wall-

Answer 52

outer wall - thin, inner wall - thick

Question 53

guard cells possess

Answer 53

chloroplasts

Question 54

function is guard cells

Answer 54

regulate opening and closing is stomata

Question 55

a few epidermal cells in the vicinity of

Answer 55

guard cells may get specialised in their shape and size and are known as subsidiary cells

Question 56

stomatal apparatus

Answer 56

stomatal aperture, guard cells, subsidiary cells

Question 57

root hairs

Answer 57

unicellular elongations of epidermal cells which absirb water and minerals from soil

Question 58

epidermis of cells contains hair called

Answer 58

trichomes

Question 59

trichomes in the shoot system are usually

Answer 59

multicellular

Question 60

trichomes maybe

Answer 60

unbranched is branched, soft or stiff, or secretory

Question 61

function of trichomes

Answer 61

helps prevent water loss due to transpiration

Question 64

what tissues constitute the ground tissue system

Answer 64

all tissues except vascular bundle, epidermis

Question 65

ground tissue consists of what kinds of tissues

Answer 65

simple tissue like parenchyma, collenchyma, schlerenchyma

Question 66

in ground tissue system, parenchyma is usually present in

Answer 66

pericycle, cortex, medullary rays, pith in primary stems and roots

Question 67

in leaves ground tissue system consists of

Answer 67

thin walled chloroplast containing cells called mesophyll

Question 70

vascular tissue system consists of

Answer 70

complex tissues xylem and phloem

Question 71

xylem and phloem constitute the

Answer 71

vascular bundle

Question 72

cambium is present in

Answer 72

dicot stems in between phloem and xylem

Question 73

vascular bundle that posses cambium

Answer 73

possess the ability to form secondary permanent tissues like xylem and phloem - open vascular bundle

Question 74

vascular bundle with no cambium present are called

Answer 74

closed vascular bundle

Question 75

cambium is absent in

Answer 75

monocots

Question 76

radial arrangement of vascular bundle

Answer 76

when xylem and phloem are arranged in alternate manner along different radi

Question 77

radial arrangement of vascular bundle is seen in

Answer 77

roots

Question 79

conjoint arrangement of vascular bundle

Answer 79

xylem and phloem are jointly situated along same radius of vascular bundle

Question 80

conjoint arrangement of vascular bundle is seen in

Answer 80

stems and leaves

Question 81

conjoint vascular bundle have phloem

Answer 81

usually located only on the outer side of xylem

Question 83

outermost layer of dicot root is

Answer 83

epiblema/rhizodermis/piliferous layer

Question 84

many