Biological Approach

Question 1

What is the Biological Approach?

Answer 1

Behaviour rooted in the biology and physiology of the body

Question 2

What is physiology?

Answer 2

Study of the body of & it’s parts of & how they function

Question 3

Name the 3 main assumptions in the Biological Approach

Answer 3

Genetics: genes (& evolution) influence our behaviour
Biological structure: CNS is (brain+spinal chord)
Biochemistry: neurotransmitters & hormones - related to behaviour

Question 4

GENETICS: influence of genes on our behaviour

Answer 4

GENETICS: influence of genes on our behaviour

Question 5

Explain genotype

Answer 5

Genetic make up of an individual - genetic code of a person’s DNA

Question 6

Explain phenotype

Answer 6

Product of genotype interacting with the environment

Question 7

Explain heredity

Answer 7

Passing of characteristics from one generation to the next through genes

Question 8

When it comes to twins, explain the concordance rate

Answer 8

Likelihood behaviour of MZ twins (identical) and DZ twins (not identically)

Question 9

If one twin has depression and theres a high concordance rate between twins, what does that mean?

Answer 9

Higher chance of the other twin also having depression

Question 10

Name problems with using twin studies

Answer 10

• look the same = treated the same?
• twins may be unlike twin populations
• shared environment = similarities influenced by genes of the environment
• rewarded for acting same way by parents

Question 11

GENETICS: evolution & behaviour

Answer 11

GENETICS: evolution & behaviour

Question 12

Some people have a mu….

Answer 12

mutation in genetic make up - which results in particular characteristics

Question 13

This mutation can either…

Answer 13

Reduce chance of survival - gene is unlikely to be passed on

Question 14

or…

Answer 14

Increase ‘fitness’ - gene will be passed on when reproduction occurs

Question 15

Therefore mutation is…

Answer 15

adaptive

Question 16

What is the warrior gene?

Answer 16

Lower levels of serotonin in men so stimuli triggers person more

Question 17

What are the problems with evolution?

Answer 17

• Genetic determinism - genes are the only thing involved
• Doesn’t explain why some cultural things are passed on that are not adaptive e.g abortion, homosexuality
• Unfalsifiable - cannot be shown to be wrong - already happened
• Reductionist - simplist explanation - only genetics

Question 18

BIOLOGICAL STRUCTURE: what is it?

Answer 18

BIOLOGICAL STRUCTURE: what is it?

Question 19

Nervous system is made up of two parts which is?

Answer 19

Central and Peripheral nervous system

Question 20

CNS?

Answer 20

Brain & spinal chord

Question 21

PNS

Answer 21

Somantic & automatic nervous system

Question 22

What is the nervous system’s job?

Answer 22

Carries messages from one part of the body to the other

Question 23

How does the nervous system do this?

Answer 23

By neurons

Question 24

Neurons transmit nerve impulses in the form of….

Answer 24

Electrical signals

Question 25

BIOLOGICAL STRUCTURE: brain diagram

Answer 25

BIOLOGICAL STRUCTURE: brain diagram

Question 26

j

Answer 26

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Question 27

What is the frontal lobe?

Answer 27

Involved with functions such as speech, thought and & learning

Question 28

What is the temperal lobe?

Answer 28

Involved with hearing and memory

Question 29

Parietal lobe

Answer 29

Process sensory information such as touch, temperature & brain

Question 30

Occipital lobe

Answer 30

Process visual information

Question 31

Cerebellum

Answer 31

Controls balance, posture and & the motor movements

Question 32

What is the brain stem?

Answer 32

Connects to the spinal chord - involved with survival functions e.g breathing, heartbeat

Question 33

What happened with Phineas Gage?

Answer 33

- 1848: damaged frontal lobe after explosion at work - Iron bar went straight through his head - Subsequent behaviour changed - less organised, more impulsive, increased aggression, having seizures

Question 34

BIOCHEMISTRY: neuron

Answer 34

BIOCHEMISTRY: neuron

Question 35

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Answer 35

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Question 36

Dendrite...

Answer 36

Receives signal from other neurons

Question 37

Cell body...

Answer 37

Life and force of the cell - holds important info

Question 38

Myeh Sheath...

Answer 38

Protects axon and speeds up signals

Question 39

Axon terminal...

Answer 39

Sends signals from other neurons

Question 40

BIOCHEMISTRY: neurotransmitters

Answer 40

BIOCHEMISTRY: neurotransmitters

Question 41

j

Answer 41

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Question 42

Describe the first step of neurotransmitters

Answer 42

Signal travels down axon of presynaptic neuron & triggers the axon of neurotransmitters

Question 43

Next...

Answer 43

Neurotransmitter binds to the receptors to pass on a signal

Question 44

Lastly....

Answer 44

The neurotransmitter goes back into the synoptic & is taken back up by the presynaptic neuron

Question 45

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Answer 45

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Question 46

j

Answer 46

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Question 47

BIOCHEMISTRY: Hormones

Answer 47

BIOCHEMISTRY: Hormones

Question 48

j

Answer 48

j

Question 49

What does the pituitary gland do?

Answer 49

- puberty: LH & FSH hormone - oxytocin (love hormone) - ACTH hormone: prepares you for fight or flight

Question 50

Pineal gland

Answer 50

Monitoring circadian rhythm e.g sleep cycle - by melatonin

Question 51

Thyroid gland

Answer 51

- Thyroxine hormone | - Triiodothyronine - metabolism, brain development, bone maintenance

Question 52

Thymus

Answer 52

- makes white blood cells | - thymulin - fights diseases & boosts immune system

Question 53

Adrenal gland

Answer 53

- Adrenaline - fight or flight | - Cortorsol - long term stress

Question 54

Pancreas

Answer 54

- insulin - breakdown of sugars in the body

Question 55

Ovaries and (women)

Answer 55

Produce oestrogen & progesterone - menstration, reproduction & puberty

Question 56

Testosterone (men)

Answer 56

- produces male characteristics - puberty and reproduction