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Topic 5: Approaches in Psychology > Biological Approach > Flashcards

Biological Approach Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the Biological Approach?

A

Behaviour rooted in the biology and physiology of the body

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2
Q

What is physiology?

A

Study of the body of & it’s parts of & how they function

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3
Q

Name the 3 main assumptions in the Biological Approach

A

Genetics: genes (& evolution) influence our behaviour
Biological structure: CNS is (brain+spinal chord)
Biochemistry: neurotransmitters & hormones - related to behaviour

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4
Q

GENETICS: influence of genes on our behaviour

A

GENETICS: influence of genes on our behaviour

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5
Q

Explain genotype

A

Genetic make up of an individual - genetic code of a person’s DNA

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6
Q

Explain phenotype

A

Product of genotype interacting with the environment

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7
Q

Explain heredity

A

Passing of characteristics from one generation to the next through genes

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8
Q

When it comes to twins, explain the concordance rate

A

Likelihood behaviour of MZ twins (identical) and DZ twins (not identically)

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9
Q

If one twin has depression and theres a high concordance rate between twins, what does that mean?

A

Higher chance of the other twin also having depression

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10
Q

Name problems with using twin studies

A
  • look the same = treated the same?
  • twins may be unlike twin populations
  • shared environment = similarities influenced by genes of the environment
  • rewarded for acting same way by parents
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11
Q

GENETICS: evolution & behaviour

A

GENETICS: evolution & behaviour

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12
Q

Some people have a mu….

A

mutation in genetic make up - which results in particular characteristics

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13
Q

This mutation can either…

A

Reduce chance of survival - gene is unlikely to be passed on

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14
Q

or…

A

Increase ‘fitness’ - gene will be passed on when reproduction occurs

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15
Q

Therefore mutation is…

A

adaptive

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16
Q

What is the warrior gene?

A

Lower levels of serotonin in men so stimuli triggers person more

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17
Q

What are the problems with evolution?

A
  • Genetic determinism - genes are the only thing involved
  • Doesn’t explain why some cultural things are passed on that are not adaptive e.g abortion, homosexuality
  • Unfalsifiable - cannot be shown to be wrong - already happened
  • Reductionist - simplist explanation - only genetics
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18
Q

BIOLOGICAL STRUCTURE: what is it?

A

BIOLOGICAL STRUCTURE: what is it?

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19
Q

Nervous system is made up of two parts which is?

A

Central and Peripheral nervous system

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20
Q

CNS?

A

Brain & spinal chord

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21
Q

PNS

A

Somantic & automatic nervous system

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22
Q

What is the nervous system’s job?

A

Carries messages from one part of the body to the other

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23
Q

How does the nervous system do this?

A

By neurons

24
Q

Neurons transmit nerve impulses in the form of….

A

Electrical signals

25
Q

BIOLOGICAL STRUCTURE: brain diagram

A

BIOLOGICAL STRUCTURE: brain diagram

26
Q

j

A

j

27
Q

What is the frontal lobe?

A

Involved with functions such as speech, thought and & learning

28
Q

What is the temperal lobe?

A

Involved with hearing and memory

29
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Process sensory information such as touch, temperature & brain

30
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Process visual information

31
Q

Cerebellum

A

Controls balance, posture and & the motor movements

32
Q

What is the brain stem?

A

Connects to the spinal chord - involved with survival functions e.g breathing, heartbeat

33
Q

What happened with Phineas Gage?

A
  • 1848: damaged frontal lobe after explosion at work
  • Iron bar went straight through his head
  • Subsequent behaviour changed - less organised, more impulsive, increased aggression, having seizures
34
Q

BIOCHEMISTRY: neuron

A

BIOCHEMISTRY: neuron

35
Q

j

A

j

36
Q

Dendrite…

A

Receives signal from other neurons

37
Q

Cell body…

A

Life and force of the cell - holds important info

38
Q

Myeh Sheath…

A

Protects axon and speeds up signals

39
Q

Axon terminal…

A

Sends signals from other neurons

40
Q

BIOCHEMISTRY: neurotransmitters

A

BIOCHEMISTRY: neurotransmitters

41
Q

j

A

j

42
Q

Describe the first step of neurotransmitters

A

Signal travels down axon of presynaptic neuron & triggers the axon of neurotransmitters

43
Q

Next…

A

Neurotransmitter binds to the receptors to pass on a signal

44
Q

Lastly….

A

The neurotransmitter goes back into the synoptic & is taken back up by the presynaptic neuron

45
Q

j

A

j

46
Q

j

A

j

47
Q

BIOCHEMISTRY: Hormones

A

BIOCHEMISTRY: Hormones

48
Q

j

A

j

49
Q

What does the pituitary gland do?

A
  • puberty: LH & FSH hormone
  • oxytocin (love hormone)
  • ACTH hormone: prepares you for fight or flight
50
Q

Pineal gland

A

Monitoring circadian rhythm e.g sleep cycle - by melatonin

51
Q

Thyroid gland

A
  • Thyroxine hormone

- Triiodothyronine - metabolism, brain development, bone maintenance

52
Q

Thymus

A
  • makes white blood cells

- thymulin - fights diseases & boosts immune system

53
Q

Adrenal gland

A
  • Adrenaline - fight or flight

- Cortorsol - long term stress

54
Q

Pancreas

A
  • insulin - breakdown of sugars in the body
55
Q

Ovaries and (women)

A

Produce oestrogen & progesterone - menstration, reproduction & puberty

56
Q

Testosterone (men)

A
  • produces male characteristics - puberty and reproduction

Topic 5: Approaches in Psychology (13 decks)

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