BIOLOGICAL AND CULTURAL EVOLUTION

Question 1

Who is credited with the theory of evolution?

a) Alfred Russel Wallace
b) Charles Darwin
c) Both Alfred Russel Wallace and Charles Darwin

Answer 1

b) Charles Darwin

Question 2

Approximately when did the story of humanity’s evolution begin?

a) 7 million years ago
b) 1 million years ago
c) 100,000 years ago

Answer 2

a) 7 million years ago

Question 3

Which ancient hominin species had fossil remains discovered in Ethiopia and lived about 2.8-4 million years ago?

a) Homo Habilis
b) Homo Erectus
c) Australopithecus Afarensis

Answer 3

c) Australopithecus Afarensis

Question 4

What does “Homo Habilis” mean in Latin?

a) Skilled man
b) Able man
c) Wise man

Answer 4

b) Able man

Question 5

Which extinct human species was the first known to have migrated out of Africa?

a) Homo Sapiens
b) Homo Erectus
c) Homo Neanderthalensis

Answer 5

b) Homo Erectus

Question 6

In which region did Homo Neanderthalensis primarily inhabit?

a) Sub-Saharan Africa
b) Eurasia
c) Australia

Answer 6

b) Eurasia

Question 7

What distinguishes Homo Sapiens from other great apes?

a) High intelligence
b) Thick body hair
c) Quadrupedal locomotion

Answer 7

a) High intelligence

Question 8

Which extinct species of human is known for its archaic characteristics and lived in Eurasia until about 40,000 years ago?

a) Homo Sapiens
b) Homo Erectus
c) Homo Neanderthalensis

Answer 8

c) Homo Neanderthalensis

Question 9

Where were the majority of early hominin fossils discovered?

a) North Central Africa
b) South America
c) East and South Africa
d) Australia

Answer 9

c) East and South Africa

Question 10

How many species of early hominins are estimated to have lived between 6 and 1.5 million years ago?

a) Two
b) Six
c) Twelve
d) Twenty

Answer 10

c) Twelve

Question 11

Which early hominin species survived for over 900,000 years, making it one of the longest-surviving hominin species?

a) Homo sapiens
b) Homo habilis
c) Australopithecines
d) Homo erectus

Answer 11

c) Australopithecines

Question 12

Where is it believed that the Homo lineage most likely diverged and originated?

a) South America
b) Asia
c) Africa
d) Europe

Answer 12

c) Africa

Question 13

How did fire contribute to early human social behaviors and evolution?

a) By facilitating hunting and gathering
b) By promoting isolation and solitude
c) By enabling shared spaces for cooking and socializing
d) By discouraging social connections

Answer 13

c) By enabling shared spaces for cooking and socializing

Question 14

According to Lenski, what are the five major levels of development in terms of societies?

a) Agricultural, industrial, nomadic, horticultural, and urban
b) Hunting and gathering, horticultural, pastoral, agricultural, and industrial
c) Tribal, feudal, capitalist, socialist, and communist
d) Primitive, modern, post-modern, pre-agricultural, and industrial

Answer 14

b) Hunting and gathering, horticultural, pastoral, agricultural, and industrial

Question 15

Which type of society relies on domesticated animals for food and is associated with the Latin word “pastor,” meaning shepherd?

a) Agricultural society
b) Industrial society
c) Pastoral society
d) Horticultural society

Answer 15

c) Pastoral society

Question 16

What significant transition is associated with the Neolithic revolution in human history?

a) The invention of the wheel
b) The birth of agriculture and the transition from hunter-gatherers to farming
c) The industrial revolution
d) The emergence of large urban centers

Answer 16

b) The birth of agriculture and the transition from hunter-gatherers to farming

Question 17

What type of society is characterized by people using simple tools to hunt animals and gather vegetation for food?

a) Agricultural society
b) Pastoral society
c) Hunting and gathering society
d) Horticultural society

Answer 17

c) Hunting and gathering society

Question 18

Which type of society is characterized by the use of technology and machinery for mass production and a high division of labor?

a) Agricultural society
b) Industrial society
c) Post-industrial society
d) Horticultural society

Answer 18

b) Industrial society

Question 19

What is the defining feature of a post-industrial society?

a) Focus on the production of material goods
b) Transition from an economy of goods to an economy of services
c) High reliance on coal, oil, and natural gas
d) Emphasis on agriculture

Answer 19

b) Transition from an economy of goods to an economy of services

Question 20

When did the Neolithic Revolution, also known as the Agricultural Revolution, take place?

a) Around 10,000 B.C.
b) During the Industrial Revolution
c) In the late 20th century
d) Around 2,000 B.C.

Answer 20

a) Around 10,000 B.C.

Question 21

What is the key factor that marked the transition from hunter-gatherer societies to larger agricultural settlements in the Neolithic Revolution?

a) Discovery of electricity
b) Invention of the wheel
c) Practice of agriculture
d) Rise of democracy

Answer 21

c) Practice of agriculture

Question 22

How did early civilizations and states emerge?

a) Through the use of information and services
b) By adopting industrial technology
c) As rulers gained control over larger areas and resources
d) Through the growth of large factories

Answer 22

c) As rulers gained control over larger areas and resources