BIOL133Z Past exam 1 Flashcards by Ellie Morris

Which of these descriptions is indicative of a plant having a fibrous root system?

(a) There is a main root, thicker than all the other roots
(b) Most of its roots are adventitious
(c) The plant is a eudicot
(d) The root system includes many lateral roots branching form the longest root
(e) The roots have no hair

(b) Most of its roots are adventitious

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Which is the right order for the radial organisation of roots (from the outside to the
inside)?

(a) Epidermis, cortex, pericycle, vascular bundle
(b) Epidermis, pericycle, cortex, vascular bundle
(c) Endodermis, epidermis, cortex, vascular bundle
(d) Epidermis, endodermis, pericycle, cortex, vascular bundle
(e) Epidermis, pericycle, cortex, endodermis, vascular bundle

(a) Epidermis, cortex, pericycle, vascular bundle

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Which of these is NOT directly involved in the light reactions of plant photosynthesis?

(a) Antennae
(b) Electron transports chains
(c) ATP synthase
(d) Rubisco
(e) Plastoquinone

(a) Antennae

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Which of these statements about C4 photosynthesis is WRONG?

(a) Carbon fixing only occurs at night
(b) It is especially advantageous under high temperatures
(c) It involves an extra cost in ATP compared to C3 photosynthesis
(d) Maize uses C4 photosynthesis
(e) Fixation of carbon from carbon dioxide and Calvin-Benson cycle occur in different cells

(e) Fixation of carbon from carbon dioxide and Calvin-Benson cycle occur in different cells

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Most of the water that the roots of an adult and healthy maize plant uptake:

(a) is used for photosynthesis
(b) is stored in the leaves
(c) is lost by transpiration
(d) keeps cycling between the xylem and the phloem
(e) is used for plant growth

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Which of these is NOT something water can move through in a plant?

(a) The apoplast
(b) Lignin
(c) Plasmodesmata
(d) Xylem
(e) Stomata

(b) Lignin

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Which of these cell types is/are NOT diploid?

(a) Integuments and nucellus
(b) Zygote
(c) Endosperm and gametophytes
(d) Megasporocyte and microsporocyte
(e) Ovary

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Which of the following is NOT a storage compartment in seeds?

(a) Oil bodies
(b) Protein bodies
(c) Protein storage vacuoles
(d) Nucleic acid bodies
(e) Amyloplasts

(d) Nucleic acid bodies

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Phototropism refers to which plant environmental response?

(a) Growth in response to gravity
(b) Rhythmic leaf movements
(c) Growth either toward or away from light
(d) Expansion and greening of cotyledons
(e) The transition from vegetative to reproductive growth

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Which of the following statements is not true of the phytohormone, Auxin?

(a) It promotes branching in roots
(b) It inhibits branching in shoots
(c) It promotes cell elongation
(d) It can move between cells
(e) It is degraded in the light

(e) It is degraded in the light

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Which of the following is TRUE of Green Fluorescent Protein?

(a) It is a jellyfish protein
(b) It can be used to “tag” and follow plant cellular proteins
(c) It translocates from endodermis to cortical cells
(d) Only statements a and b
(e) Statements a, b and c

(d) Only statements a and b

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Which of the following is NOT a feature of plant immunity?

(a) PAMP receptors
(b) Apoptosis
(c) Systemic signals
(d) Mobile immune cells
(e) Calcium signalling

(d) Mobile immune cells

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Which of the following statements is NOT true of Arabidopsis thaliana as a model organism for plant physiology?

(a) It has a small fully sequenced genome
(b) It is easy to genetically manipulate
(c) All knowledge gained in Arabidopsis is directly applicable to other plant species
(d) Many mutant lines are available
(e) It has a fast generation time

(a) It has a small fully sequenced genome

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Read statements 1-3, and indicate if they are TRUE:

“ground tissue” refers to all plant parts below ground
the SHORTROOT gene is constitutively expressed in all plant cells
plant development involves large scale cell migration
(a) None of the statements are true
(b) Only statement 1 is true
(c) Only statement 2 is true
(d) Only statement 3 is true
(e) ALL statements are true

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In mammals, haematopoiesis takes place in the….
a) kidney
(b) liver
(c) bone marrow
(d) heart
(e) arteries

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Which of the following is NOT true:

(a) macrophages are important cellular components of the innate immune systems
(b) macrophages mature into monocytes
(c) macrophages phagocytose foreign cells and cancerous cells
(d) macrophages contain lysosomes
(e) macrophages are among the first cell types to migrate to the sites of pathogenic
insult

(b) macrophages mature into monocytes

Peyer’s patches are

(a) organized lymphoid follicles located in the intestine
(b) organized lymphoid follicles located in skin
(c) organized lymphoid follicles located in the thymus
(d) a diffuse collection of lymphoid cells located in the intestine
(e) a diffuse collection of lymphoid cells located in the skin

(a) organized lymphoid follicles located in the intestine

Which of the following is NOT a compartment of the stomach of a ruminant animal?

(a) rumen
(b) omasum
(c) aboreticumen
(d) reticulum
(e) abomasum

Gastric chief cells secrete:

(a) intrinsic factor
(b) hydrochloric acid
(c) amylase
(d) mucus
(e) pepsinogen

(e) pepsinogen

Which of the following cells are lymphocytes:

(a) macrophages
(b) neutrophils
(c) monocytes
(d) B-cells
(e) basophils

(d) B-cells

The MOST abundant cells in the gastrointestinal tract are

(a) colonocytes
(b) bacteria
(c) goblet cells
(d) enterocytes
(e) fundic cells

(d) enterocytes

Which of the following statements about vertebrate reproduction is TRUE:

(a) Seasonal changes in gonad size are an example of an activational effect
(b) Activational effects are primarily regulated by the Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal
axis
(c) The pituitary gland produces oestrogen and testosterone
(d) Day length is the main cue for reproduction in opportunistic breeders
(e) The pituitary gland produces gonadotropin-releasing hormone

(b) Activational effects are primarily regulated by the Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal
axis

Which of the following statements does NOT apply to an animal that is an
osmoconformer:

(a) It is isosmotic to the surrounding medium
(b) The osmotic pressure of its cells is roughly equal to that of the surrounding
medium
(c) It is hypoosmotic to the surrounding medium
(d) It has a smaller osmotic gradient to its environment than an osmoregulator
(e) It can be stenohaline or euryhaline

Which of the following statements about muscles is FALSE:

(a) Skeletal muscles usually occur in antagonistic pairs
(b) Smooth muscle is found in the walls of hollow organs
(c) Cardiac muscle is a striated muscle
(d) Tonic muscle fibres do not generate an action potential
(e) Contraction of a flexor muscles extends or straightens a limb or body part

(e) Contraction of a flexor muscles extends or straightens a limb or body part

Which of these statements about Reynold’s number is FALSE? (a) When an animal increases momentum through a fluid then Reynold’s number would decrease (b) Reynold’s number is relatively higher for blood in arteries than in veins (c) Reynold’s number is dependent on the viscosity of the fluid in which an animal is moving (d) The movement of whales through water would be associated with a higher Reynold’s number than the movement of bacteria (e) When the viscosity of a fluid is high, Reynold’s number is low

(a) When an animal increases momentum through a fluid then Reynold’s number would decrease

What is the functional significance of the air-sac system in the avian lung? (a) To allow further gas exchange through the walls of air sacs (b) To allow unidirectional airflow over the parabronchi (c) To store air for periods of higher activity (d) To allow laminar flow of air to occur throughout the respiratory system (e) To allow unidirectional airflow in the trachea

(d) To allow laminar flow of air to occur throughout the respiratory system

The following membrane potentials were measured during an action potential. Which would correspond with the hyperpolarisation phase? (a) +30 mV (b) -60 mV (c) -70 mV and remaining stable (d) -80 mV (e) 0 mV

(a) +30 mV

Which of the following statements about insect Juvenile Hormone is FALSE? (a) Juvenile hormone stimulates yolk and seminal fluid production in adults (b) Juvenile hormone concentration is relatively high in the larval phase (c) Juvenile hormone concentration is relatively low in the adult phase (d) Juvenile hormone concentration is relatively low in the pupa phase (e) Inhibition of juvenile hormone triggers metamorphosis

(b) Juvenile hormone concentration is relatively high in the larval phase

Which of the following statements about diurnal mammals is FALSE? (a) Melatonin levels are high when it is light (b) Melatonin is primarily secreted by the pineal gland (c) The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is sensitive to light stimulation (d) Excitation of the SCN inhibits production of melatonin (e) Melanopsin is a photopigment

(a) Melatonin levels are high when it is light