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Biology > BIOL 111 - Lab Exam > Flashcards

BIOL 111 - Lab Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

Cambium

A

Lateral meristem that thickens the roots and shoots of woody plants.

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2
Q

Cone

A

Reproductive structure of gymnosperms in which the pollen (male) and seeds (female) are produced.

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3
Q

Endoskeleton

A

Hard skeleton within soft tissue of an animal.

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4
Q

Eukaryotic

A

Single-celled or multicellular organism whose cells contain a distinct membrane bound nucleus and numerous organelles.

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5
Q

Notochord

A

Flexible rod located between the digestive tube and nerve chord that provides support along the length of the animal.

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6
Q

Dorsal, hollow nerve chord

A

Bundle of nerve cells that runs the length of the body.

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7
Q

Pharyngeal gill slits

A

Slits in the pharynx that open to the outside of the animal allowing water to enter the mouth and leave the body without passing through the entire digestive tract.

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8
Q

Chondrichthyes characteristics

A

Cartilaginous skeleton, No swim bladder.

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9
Q

Hagfish

A

Jawless, cartilaginous skull with brain and eyes, no backbone.

Produce slime for defence

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10
Q

Lampreys

A

Cartilaginous skull and backbone

Jawless

Parasitic

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11
Q

What is the function of each fin?

A

Pectoral - Maneuvering

Dorsal - Stability

Caudal - Power and speed

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12
Q

Osteichthyes

A

Bony endoskeleton, jaws, swim bladder.

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13
Q

Amphibia

A

External fertilization, First stage of life in water, gas exchange via lungs and skin, cold-blooded. ]

Three chambered heart, two circuits.

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14
Q

Reptilia

A

Lay shelled eggs, gas exchange via lungs, skin is dry and scaly.

Most ectothermic, birds are endothermic,

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15
Q

Birds

A

Endothermic, feathers, lack teeth four chambered heart.

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16
Q

Mammalian

A

Endothermic, Four-chambered heart, mammary glands, hairy.

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17
Q

Oviparous vs ovoviviparous

A

Oviparous animals lay eggs
ovoviviparous animals the egg develops inside the animal.

18
Q

Monotremes vs Marsupials vs Placentals

A

Egg-laying mammals

Pouched animals that give birth to underdeveloped embryos that climb into mother’s pouch.

Mother carries the fetus which is nourished via the placenta .

19
Q

Metamorphosis

A

A series of physiological changes that transform the larvae into an adult.

20
Q

Amniotic egg

A

Internal wet environment.

Amniotic cavity with amniotic fluid an yolk sac for nutrients

Tough shell prevents liquid loss and protects.

21
Q

Bryophyta (Mosses)

A

Non vascular,

Gametophyte dominant

Flagellated sperm

Spores

22
Q

Monilophyta (Ferns)

A

Vascular

Sporophyte dominant

Flagellated sperm

Spores

Sori and sporangium

23
Q

Pinophyta (Conifers)

A

Vascular

Sporophyte dominant

Pollination by wind

Seeds

Woody ovulate cones

24
Q

Anthophyta (Flowering plants)

A

Vascular

Sporophyte dominant

Fertilization by animals

Seeds

25
Q

Vascular plants

A

Have vascular tubes to transport water and food.

Xylem and phloem.

26
Q

Plasmogamy

A

Two mycelia fuse

27
Q

Karyogamy

A

Two nuclei of the parents merge, zygote is diploid.

28
Q

Fern life cycle

A

Sporangia produce spores via meiosis

Spores germinate into the gametophyte via mitosis.

Antheridia produce flagellated sperm
Archegonia produce eggs.

29
Q

Seed plant key adaptations and evolution

A

Seeds are embryos with a supply of nutrients packaged in a protective coat.

Seeds can be dispersed.

Pollination replaces sperm cell swimming to egg.

30
Q

Gymnosperms vs Angiosperms

A

Naked seeds not enclosed in ovaries, seeds found within cones, wind pollinated, heterosporous (male & female)

flowering plants which produce seeds that develop inside of the ovaries. Pollinated by biotic or abiotic agents.

31
Q

Double fertilization

A

Discharge of two sperm from the pollen tube into the embryo sac.

One combines with egg other combine with the two polar nuclei creating food for embryo.

32
Q

How does fruit develop?

A

Seed develops from an ovule

Fruit develops when the ovary wall thickens.

33
Q

Porifera

A

No symmetry

Filter feeders with intracellular digestion

34
Q

Cnidaria

A

Cniodocytes (stinging cells)
Gastrovascular cavity (one hole for eating and excreting)

35
Q

Platyhelminthes (Flatworms)

A

Gastrovascular

Ladder-like nervous system

Flame cells

36
Q

Nematoda (Round worms)

A

Parasites
Cuticle that moults (ecdysozoa)
Complete digestive tract

37
Q

Annelida (earthworms, marine segmented worms)

A

Segmented

Hydrostatic skeleton

Hermaphrodites

38
Q

Mollusca `

A

Visceral mass and mantle

Filter feeders - clams
Active hunters - squid

39
Q

Arthropoda

A

Jointed appendages

Exoskeleton

Ecdysozoa

Open circulatory

Gills or tracheolar depending on class.

40
Q

Echinodermata

A

Water vascular system for movement

Endoskeleton

Spiny skin

41
Q

Chordata

A

Dorsal hollow nerve chord

Post anal tail

Phalangeal gill slits

Notochord

Biology (11 decks)

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