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drug design > bioethics > Flashcards

bioethics Flashcards

1
Q

what is the limb defects called for thamalidehide

A

phocomelia

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2
Q

what are off label affects

A

secindary affects like thamalohide for morning sickeness instead of anti convlatnat

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3
Q

what was LD50

A

dose required to kill 50% of test aninmals

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4
Q

why was thalimomide given to pregant women

A

didnt know the affects because they didnt test on pregant animals

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5
Q

what were the affects of taking thalimodide on wghat day

A

day 21 just eyes
day 22 -ears and face
day 24- damage to arms
up to day. 28 damage to legs
]from day 48 no affects

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6
Q

why was america the least affected drug

A

frances oldham kelsey

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7
Q

what is the golden bench mark of clincial trail

A

randomised, double blind and placebo controlled

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8
Q

what is teh disadvantage of placebo

A

its a form of diception

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9
Q

what is atonomy

A

people taht are competent and rational and able to give conesent or refuse

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10
Q

what isteh ethical principle that justifys assigning patinets to differnet treatment arms of the clincial trail

A

clinical equipose

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11
Q

who are sackler trust

A

family owns purdue phrama
this sells oxycontin and said it was non addictive

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12
Q

what are cohntributing factors to the opiod drug crisis

A

doctor/phramacy shopping - relative ease to ontianing prescriptions for (fake) compainines and mainiataing multiple prescriptions

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13
Q

how manty people die a day from opium crisis

A

100 ppl a day

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14
Q

what caused sucidal thoughts in children

A

Seroxat - SSRI

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15
Q

what flu drug was stock piled

A

tamiful, half a billion quid on 6 pages on manufacturer funded trails, the drug didn;t work

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16
Q

what are the arguments for patents

A
  • justice/ reward for inventor
  • promotes useful consequencs
  • new research
  • if not permiotted useful information would become trade secrets
  • other countries recognide patents
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17
Q

what are the argumnents against patents

A
  • materialism produces excessive burdens in medicie
  • unhelpful consequences: inappropriate control
  • impact on research participants
  • animal research/ animal welfare
  • not all countris permit similar patents
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18
Q

what is consequentialism

A

bioethical theroy that be used to decide what the most ethical action is

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19
Q

what is an exmaple of an unethical patent

A

big pharma patented affective HIV treatment at 10-15 k per year meaning taht lots of people in sub saharan Africa couldn’t afford the treatment
they were after accused of racism.

20
Q

what is teh legal arguent behind patenting genes

A

genes cant be patented but cDNA can

21
Q

what is an exmaple of patent genes

A

BRCA1 on chromosome 17, the gene testing has been patented so that a premium price can be charged

22
Q

when was pay to delay used

A

with GSK for Seroxat

23
Q

what is an example of drug prices being too high for the NHS

A

kadcyla - helps extened the patinets life span by over 6 months with incurbale breast cancer

24
Q

when was sterlisation first introduced in Nazi gemany

A

1933

25
Q

when was the marraige of disbled or ppl with certain diseases prohibited in Nazu genrman

A

1936- Nurnberg laws

26
Q

when was euthanisa for baabies introduced in Nazi germany

A

nill to mouth in 1939

27
Q

who was the most well known nazi doctor and what did he look at

A

joesph mengele - angle of death
looked at racial diferneces and psuedo twin studies

28
Q

what was the first law to codify ethical reaserach

A

1947 –> nuremberg law

29
Q

what was inldued in nuremberg law

A

informed consent
appropriate research deisgns
favouarvable risk: beefit ratio
participants must be able to stop at any time

30
Q

when were universal prinicples that guide research involing humans introduced and what was it called

A

decalration of helinski and in 1964

31
Q

whhat does the aniaml act state

A

replace, reduce and refine

32
Q

what came of the alder hay scandal

A

human tissue act (2004) - consent

33
Q

what do all trails have to have and go through

A

research ethical comitte approval
medical and health care products regultory agency

34
Q

what is teh best ethical practise for research participant recruitemnt

A

fully informed consent

35
Q

what is scientific review

A
  • independant peer review process
  • focus on clincial equipose
  • likely benefits of teh new treatment are greater than the proable side affects
  • likehood of success
36
Q

what is the REC review

A

ensures that the rights, saftey, dignity and well being of the patient for the voluantry particpants
- ethical recruitment to the trail
- confidenitailty and automytity of paritipants
- approtpriate compensation is anything goes wrng

37
Q

what is teology

A

right is the good produced from the consequence of a action

38
Q

what is denotology

A
  • an action is intrincscally right or wrong
  • do not consider outcomes
39
Q

what is principleism

A
  • autonomy
  • justice
  • beneficience
  • non-malfeascance
40
Q

what is autonomy

A
  • basis of informed consnet
41
Q

wha is justice

A

the right to be treated fairly and equally with no prejudice

42
Q

what is benefienace

A

the action to promote well being other others

43
Q

what is non malfeiance

A

the obligation to do no harm

44
Q

what does bioELSI stand foe

A

bio ethical legal and social issues

45
Q

what reviews equipose after each satge in drug design

A

saftery and ethical boards

drug design (12 decks)

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