Bioenergetics Flashcards
What is the formula for Photosynthesis?
Carbon Dioxide+ Water =(light)> Glucose+ Oxygen
Why is light required for photosynthesis? [2]
- It is an endothermic reaction
2. The light energy is converted to chemical energy in Glucose
Limiting Factor
The factor that stops the reaction going any faster at any time
What are the 4 limiting factors to photosynthesis?
- Temperature
- Carbon dioxide concentration
- Light intensity
- Chlorophyll concentration
Describe the relationship between temperature and rate of photosynthesis? [3]
- As the temperature increases the rate of photosynthesis increases
- Gives more energy to the reaction and collisions quicken
- At a point, reaction decreases because enzymes denature
Describe the relationship between Carbon Dioxide and rate of photosynthesis? [3]
- As carbon dioxide concentration rises so does the rate of photosynthesis
- As it is required for the reaction
- Carbon dioxide is no longer the limiting factor. Light or temperature must now be the limiting factor
Describe the relationship between Light intensity and rate of photosynthesis? [3]
- As light intensity increases so does the rate of photosynthesis then it levels off
- This is as more energy is provided for the reaction
- Light is no longer the limiting factor. Carbon dioxide or temperature must now be the limiting factor
What is the use of the converted glucose? [5]
Converted into
- Insoluble starch (storage)
- Cellulose (strengthens cell wall)
- Fat storage
- Amino acid for protein synthesis
- Used for respiration
Inverse Square Law
Doubling distance between the Lightsource and a plant will reduce the light intensity by a quarter
Why is it important to control factors in a greenhouse? [4]
- Promotes maximum rate of photosynthesis
- Plants grow as fast and as large as possible
- Maximising profit
- Increase crop yield
Respiration
A Chemical process to form energy
Why do organisms need energy? [3]
- Chemical reaction to build large molecules
- Movement
- Maintaining body temperature
What is the equation for photosynthesis?
Carbon Dioxide+ Water=> Glucose and oxygen
What is the difference between anaerobic and aerobic respiration?
In aerobic respiration:
- Muscles contract faster
- Increase in blood flow
- More oxygen transported in the blood
- More energy is released
What is the formula for Anaerobic respiration?
Glucose=> lactic acid+ energy
What is anaerobic respiration in yeast cells called?
Fermentation
What is the formula for Fermentation?
Glucose=> Ethanol+ Carbon Dioxide
What is Oxygen Debt?
The amount of Oxygen required to react with lactic acid
How is Oxygen debt created? [2]
- Oxygen is not delivered to the cells quick enough
2. Glucose is broken down without any oxygen into lactic acid and energy is transferred
How does the body repay the Oxygen Debt? [3]
- After exercise breathing rate is high
- Oxygen is taken in
- Oxygen reacts with lactic acid and produces carbon dioxide and water
Metabolic rate
The rate at which chemical reactions occurs in the body
What are metabolic reactions controlled by?
Enzymes, many of which require energy from respiration to function
What sort of chemical reactions are present? [3]
- Respiration
- Breakdown of excess proteins in the liver to form urea for excretion in the urine
- Use of glucose and nitrate ions to synthesize proteins
What effect does Lactic acid have on the body?
Causes muscles to hurt and stops efficient contraction
