Bioenergetics Flashcards
Breaking bonds releases what?
Energy
What dose energetics dictate?
Dictates rates and equilibrium positions of reactions, therefore to study metabolism you need to understand energetics.
What is a closed hydroelectric system?
Flowing water drives generator only until system reaches equilibrium.
What is an open hydroelectric system?
Flowing water keeps driving generator because intake/outflow of water keeps system from reaching equilibrium.
First law of Thermodynamics.
The law of conservation of energy. Isolated system - energy remains constant irrespective of process. Energy cannot be destroyed only transported.
What is Enthalpy?
Energy can be added to a closed system by heat and work. Adding heat or work increases total energy/enthalpy. Total change in enthalpy, go from initial to final state independent of path taken.
What is thermochemistry?
The practical application of 1st law to them reactions.
What is an Exothermic reaction?
Reaction gives out heat, enthalpy is negative.
What is an endothermic reaction?
Reaction takes up heat.
What are the three forms of work carried out by biological systems?
Mechanical - muscles
Electrical - Transmit nerve impulses
Chemical - synthesise molecules
What is the second law of thermodynamics?
When energy is converted from one to another, some energy becomes unavailable to do work.
What is entropy?
Measure of disorder and unavailable energy in a system - energy dispersal. Process can be driven by a change in entropy e.g heat transfer.
What is free energy?
Energy available to do work
What happens if delta G is negative?
Reaction releases free energy when it proceeds and it can occur spontaneously.
Delta G positive reaction requires what to proceed?
Free energy.
