Bioenergetics

Question 1

what can glucose be converted to form?

Answer 1

cellulose, starch, and amino acids

Question 2

What are amino acids sued for?

Answer 2

protein synthesis

Question 3

give the word equation for photosynthesis.

Answer 3

carbon dioxide + water ‒light + chlorophyll ⇒ glucose + oxygen

Question 4

give the symbol equation for photosynthesis.

Answer 4

6CO2 + 6H2O -light+chlorophll> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 5

what is the energy released in photosynthesis used for?

Answer 5

to synthesise organic molecules

Question 6

what is cellulose in plants used for?

Answer 6

to form cell walls

Question 7

what is starch in plants used for?

Answer 7

as energy storage in roots

Question 8

what is glucose in plants used for?

Answer 8

transformed into amino acids using nitrates from the soil

Question 9

what are factors affecting the rate of photosynthesis? [4]

Answer 9

• light intensity
• carbon dioxide concentration
• temperature
• amount of chlorophyll

Question 10

what are some ways of measuring the rate of photosynthesis? [3]

Answer 10

• the rate of oxygen output
• the rate of carbon dioxide uptake
• the rate of carbohydrate production

Question 11

give the aerobic respiration word equation.

Answer 11

glucose + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water + energy released

Question 12

give the aerobic respiration symbol equation.

Answer 12

C6H12O6 + 6O2 –> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy

Question 13

give the anaerobic respiration word equation.

Answer 13

glucose ↔ lactic acid + energy released

Question 14

is respiration exothermic or endothermic?

Answer 14

exothermic

Question 15

give the anaerobic respiration in yeast word equation

Answer 15

glucose –> ethanol + carbon dioxide + energy released

Question 16

what happens to lactic acid and glycogen in the body During long periods of vigorous activity?

Answer 16

• lactic acid levels build up which produces an oxygen debt.
• glycogen reserves in the muscles become low as more glucose is used for respiration, and additional glucose is transported from the liver.
• As body stores of glycogen become low, the person suffers from muscle fatigue.

Question 17

how is lactic acid removed from the body?

Answer 17

• taken to the liver by the blood, and either
  
  • oxidised to carbon dioxide and water
  • converted to glucose, then glycogen - glycogen levels in the liver and muscles can then be restored

Question 18

what is oxygen debt?

Answer 18

the amount of oxygen required to remove the lactic acid, and replace the body’s reserves of oxygen