Bioenergetics Flashcards
word and balanced symbol equation for photosynthesis
- carbon dioxide + water = glucose + oxygen
- 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
how is photosynthesis endothermic?
it requires light/ thermal energy
recall the limiting factors for photosynthesis and explain how they affect the rate of photosynthesis
- increase in light increases rate (too little slows it down)
- increase in carbon dioxide increases rate (too little slows it down)
- increase in temperature increases rate until 45°- too cold makes enzymes work slower, too hot damages them
- (increase in water increases rate because not enough causes the plant to become dehydrated)
describe why the line goes horizontal in limiting factor graphs
- when the line goes straight, light is no longer the limiting factor and this is the point in which the other factor became a limiting factor
- when the line goes straight the first time, it means another factor (not light intensity) is limiting any further increase so the rate becomes constant
- then if this other factor becomes increased again, the rate will increase until another factor becomes limiting
how do limiting factors of photosynthesis react?
the rate of photosynthesis increases until factors becoming limiting
* the rate of photosynthesis increases until factors becoming limiting
* if carbon dioxide concentration is increased, the rate increases further, and then another factor becomes limiting
* the rate can be increased further if the temperature is increased
* the rate increases again until another factor becomes limiting
how are limiting factors important to the economics of greenhouses, including data interpretation
knowing the limiting factor will allow you to better optimize the growing conditions for your specific plants and enhance the conditions in greenhouses to gain the maximum rate of photosynthesis while still maintaining profit
explain inverse proportion in the context of photosynthesis
- there is an inverse relationship between distance and light intensity – as the distance increases, light intensity decreases
- this is because as the distance away from a light source increases, photons of light become spread over a wider area
- the light intensity is inversely proportional to the square of the distance- 1/ d²
how is glucose produced in photosynthesis used in plants?
respiration
what happens in respiration?
release energy to fuel an organisms living processes
word and symbol equation for (aerobic) respiration
- glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy released
- C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy released
differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration
- aerobic requires oxygen, anaerobis doesn’t
- aerobic does complete oxidation of glucose whereas anaerobic is incomplete even though it still produces energy
- aerobic produces carbon dioxide and water wwhich don’t contain stored chemical energy whereas anaerobic produces lactic acid from muscles, ethanol and carbon dioxide from yeast and ethanol and carbon dioxide from some plants which still contain stores chemical energy
- aerobic releases large amounts of energy whereas anaerobic releases a small amount but quickly
word equations for anaerobic respiration in muscles, plants and yeast cells
- muscle: glucose → lactic acid + energy released
- yeast: glucose glucose → ethanol (alcohol) + carbon dioxide + energy released
- some plants: glucose → ethanol (alcohol) + carbon dioxide + energy released
what happens to heart rate, breathing rate and breath volume during excersise and why?
- the breathing rate and volume of each breath increases to bring more oxygen into the body and remove the carbon dioxide produced
- the heart rate increases, to supply the muscles with extra oxygen and remove the carbon dioxide produced
- because muscles need energy to contract and while exercising, the muscles need additional energy
what type of respiration is fermentation and what is its economic importance?
- yeasts performing anaerobic respiration
- alcoholic drinks- when yeast cells are reproducing rapidly during beer or wine production, the oxygen runs out so the yeast switches to anaerobic respiration which produces ethanol and carbon dioxide
- bread- yeast respires using sugar added to the dough and bubbles of carbon dioxide make the bread rise- the alcohol that’s produced
evaporates as the bread is baked.
what is oxygen debt?
the amount of oxygen required to remove the lactic acid (produced from excersise), and replace the body’s reserves of oxygen
