Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Biodivesity > Flashcards

Biodivesity Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What was Linnaeus responsible for?

A

Developed first classification system to group organisms based on structure and characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why do scientists classify organisms?

A
  • easier to identify organisms
  • predicts characteristics
  • helps identify evolutionary links
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How do we name organisms?

A

Binomial naming system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the rules of the binomial naming system?

A
  • capitalised genus name
    lower case species name
  • italicised
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a species?

A

A group of similar organisms that can successfully breed and produced fertile offspring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is phylogeny?

A

The study of evolutionary history of groups of organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is taxonomy?

A

The science of biological classification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is phylogenetic classification and what is it based on?

A
  • classifies species into groups based on shared characteristics from ancestors
  • based on evolutionary relationships
  • arranges them into a hierarchy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How are organisms classified in phylogenetic classification?

A

Into taxa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the largest group of the phylogenetic hierarchy and what are the options?

A

Domain (eukarya, bacteria and archaea)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the order of the phylogenetic hierarchy?

A
  • domain
  • kingdom
  • phylum
  • class
  • over
  • family
  • genus
  • species
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the saying to remember the order of the phylogenetic hierarchy?

A

Dear King Philip Came Over For Good Soup

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a hierarchy?

A
  • smaller groups within larger groups
  • with no overlap
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is domain archaea?

A

A group of single called prokaryotes that were originally classed as bacteria?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is domain eukarya?

A

All kingdoms of organism made up of eukaryotic cells (protista, fungi, animalia and plantae)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is domain bacteria?

A

A group of single called prokaryotes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the structure of domain bacteria?

A
  • no membrane bound organelles
  • unicellular
  • smaller ribosomes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the structure of domain archaea?

A
  • genes and protein synthesis similar to eukaryotes
  • no meringue in cell walls
  • have a more complex form of RNA polymerase than bacteria
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the structure of domain eukarya?

A
  • membrane bound organelles
  • don’t all possess cell wall
  • if they do have a cell walls it is made of chitin/cellulose
  • larger ribosomes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the 2 pats of the binomial naming system?

A

Genus and species names

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How do species distinguish between themselves and others?

A
  • physical characteristics
  • biochemical characteristics
  • behaviour
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Why is courtship behaviour necessary?

A
  • ensure DNA passed to next generation
  • females only produce eggs at specific times a year so courtship behaviour is essential for successful mating
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Why is courtship behaviour used by males?

A
  • determine if a female is at a receptive stage
  • if appropriate response is given by female they mate
  • if she isn’t receptive she will exhibit a different pattern on behaviour and courtship stops
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How does courtship behaviour lead to successful breeding and survival?

A
  • recognise members of own species to produce fertile offspring
  • identify a mate that is able to breed as both partners need to be sexually mature
  • form a pair bond to be more successful raising the offspring
  • synchronised mating fir the max possibility of sperm and egg meeting
  • become able to breed as it beings a member of opposite sex into physiological state that allows breeding
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are examples of simple courtship behaviour?

A
  • releasing chemicals
  • sounds
  • visual displays
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are some examples of complex courtship behaviour?

A
  • dancing
  • building
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is a stimulus response chain?

A

A series of communications between individuals that are specific to their species

28
Q

How does the length of the stimulus response chain affect mating?

A

The longer the chain the more likely mating with occur

29
Q

What are the different things that could be compared to establish how closely related they are?

A
  • external features
  • internal features
  • molecules within the body
30
Q

What determines all those features?

A

DNA

31
Q

What are the limitations of using observable characteristics to establish how closely organisms are related?

A
  • many characteristics are polygenic so are difficult to distinguish from one another
  • there is also variation due to their environment
32
Q

What is the best way to tell how closely organisms are related?

A

Directly observing DNA sequences

33
Q

How can DNA comparison be used to determine how closely organisms are related?

A

The fewer base changes the closer the species in evolutionary terms

34
Q

How can base sequence of mRNA be used to determine how closely organisms are related?

A

Base sequence is complimentary to DNA so the more similar the sequences the closer related they are

35
Q

How can comparing amino acid sequences be used to determine how closely related organisms are?

A
  • sequence of amino acids is determined by DNA
  • the more similar the amino acid sequences the more closely related they
36
Q

How can you use antibodies to determine how closely related organisms are?

A
  • proteins from one organism is injected into another
  • collect the antibodies produced
  • used to compare the original protein with a protein from another organism
37
Q

What is interspecific variation?

A

When one species differs from another

38
Q

What is intraspecific variation?

A

Variation within the same species

39
Q

What are the causes of variation?

A
  • genetic differences
  • environmental differences
40
Q

How do genetic differences cause variation?

A

Different genes that each individual possesses that arises in living individuals and in DNA replication

41
Q

How do environmental differences cause variation?

A

The environment exerts an influence on all organisms and vary the way genes are expressed

42
Q

What is random sampling?

A
  • taking measurements of individuals selected from target population
  • measurements should be representative of
43
Q

What is sampling bias?

A

Selection process maybe biased so the sample may be unrepresentative

44
Q

What is chance in random sampling?

A

Even if sampling bias is avoided the individuals chosen by chance may not be representative

45
Q

How do you prevent sampling bias?

A

Use random sampling

46
Q

What methods can be used to prevent sampling bias?

A
  • creating a grid and getting computer generated coordinates
  • belt/line transect
  • use a larger sample as there is a smaller probability of chance influencing results
  • analysis of data collected by statistical tests
47
Q

What is running mean?

A
  • working out the mean of all the data sampled each time you collect a new sample
  • once the mean stops fluctuating you have enough data to
48
Q

What are the ways you can carry out statistical analysis?

A
  • normal distribution curve
  • mean, mode, median
  • standard deviation
49
Q

What is biodiversity?

A

Variety of organisms on our planet

50
Q

What is species diversity?

A

Refers to the number of different species and the number of individuals of each species within one community

51
Q

What is genetic diversity?

A

Refers to the variety of genes possessed by the individuals that make up a population of a species

52
Q

What is ecosystem diversity?

A

Refers to the range of different habitats from a small local habitat to the whole earth

53
Q

What is species richness?

A
  • number of species in a given area
  • the proportion of the community that is made up of an individual species
54
Q

What data is needed to calculate the index of diversity?

A
  • how many species
  • how many organisms of each species
  • total number of organisms in the ecosystem
55
Q

How could data be collected for index of diversity?

A

Use of quadrats

56
Q

What affects the accuracy of the index calculated?

A
  • sample size
  • size of plant measured
57
Q

What are the effects of agriculture?

A
  • area dominated by 1 species with desired characteristics so low species and genetic variety
  • any other organisms are pests so treated with pesticides and herbicides
  • hedgerows removed to make fields larger and more productive
58
Q

How does farming reduces species diversity?

A
  • improved genetic varieties of plants/animal species
  • greater use of chemical fertiliser/pesticides
  • greater use of biotechnology
  • changes in farming practice (larger farms, conversion of land into farm land)
  • removing hedgerows and woodlands
  • creating monocultures
  • draining marshland to make it farmable
  • overgrazing
  • absence of crop rotation
59
Q

What is the aim of conservation techniques?

A

Counter act effects of farming

60
Q

How does maintain existing hedgerows in an A shape improve diversity?

A

The A shape provides increased number of habitats leading to greater species diversity

61
Q

How does planting hedges rather than putting up fences between fields improve diversity?

A

Provides greater range of habitats leading to improved species diversity

62
Q

How does retaining existing ponds and creating new ones improve diversity?

A

Provides another type of habitat and possible breeding site

63
Q

How does reducing the use of pesticides improve diversity?

A

Doesn’t kill organisms

64
Q

How does using organic fertiliser improve diversity?

A

Less harmful chemicals

65
Q

How does crop rotation including nitrogen fixing crops improve diversity?

A

Legumes can be planted in rotation to add nitrates to soil naturally

66
Q

How does creating natural meadows for animal feed improve diversity?

A

Greater variety of plants

67
Q

How does only cutting verges and hedges once plants have flowered improve diversity?

A

Allows seeds

Biology (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions