Biodiversity

Question 1

Ecosystem definition?

Answer 1

a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.

Question 2

Community definition?

Answer 2

an interacting group of various species in a common location

Question 3

Habitat definition?

Answer 3

the natural home or environment of an animal, plant, or other organism.

Question 4

Population definition?

Answer 4

A group of organisms of one species that interbreed and live in the same place at the same time

Question 5

Species definition?

Answer 5

Organisms which can reproduce with each other producing fertile offspring

Question 6

Biodiversity definition?

Answer 6

The variety of living organisms present in an area

Question 7

What are the 3 levels of biodiversity?

Answer 7

Habitat biodiversity
Species biodiversity
Genetic biodiversity

Question 8

What’s habitat biodiversity?

Answer 8

Refers to the amount of habitats found in that area

Question 9

What’s species biodiversity?

Answer 9

Species richness- the number of different species living in a particular area
Species evenness- a comparison of the numbers of individuals of each species living in a community

Question 10

What’s genetic biodiversity?

Answer 10

Refers to the variety of genes that make up a species.

Question 11

Sampling definition?

Answer 11

Taking measurements of a limited number of individual organisms present in a particular area, useful estimation

Question 12

2 ways sampling can be taken?

Answer 12

Random sampling, all individuals have equal chance of being chosen.

Non random- where not all individuals have equal of being chosen

Question 13

3 examples of non random sampling?

Answer 13

Opportunistic- Not accurate, uses organisms which are conveniently available

Stratified- some populations divided into sub groups

Systematic- different areas within an overall habitat are identified and then sampled

Question 14

How to randomly sample an area?

Answer 14

`mark out grid square, use random number generator to find areas to sample within

Question 15

What’s a line transect?

Answer 15

marking line between 2 poles and taking samples of points along it

Question 16

What’s a belt transect?

Answer 16

Two parallel lines marked, areas within sample

Question 17

5 ways to sample animals?

Answer 17

Pooter
Sweep nets
Pitfall traps
Tree beating
Kick sampling

Question 18

How are plants sampled?

Answer 18

Point quadrat- plants touching pin counted

Frame quadrat

Question 19

What are abiotic factors?

Answer 19

non living conditions in a habitat

Question 20

What are biotic factors?

Answer 20

Living organisms in a habitat

Question 21

What do you use to measure wind speed?

Answer 21

Anemometer

Question 22

What do you use to measure light intensity?

Answer 22

Light meter

Question 23

What do you use to measure humidity?

Answer 23

Humidity sensor

Question 24

Why is temperature probe more effective than thermometer?

Answer 24

Rapid changes detected
No human error
High degree of precision
Data can be stored

Question 25

How to measure species biodiversity?

Answer 25

Simpon’s index of biodiversity- 1- Sum of ( number of organisms of particular species / total number of organisms of all species) squared

Always gives value between 0 and 1, higher it is the more diverse

Question 26

Features of a low biodiversity habitat?

Answer 26

Few successful species
Extreme environment
Simple food webs
Change of environment will have massive effect on ecosystem
Not many species, have very specific adaptations

Question 27

Features of a high biodiversity habitat?

Answer 27

Many successful species
Not extreme environment
Complex food webs
Change of environment has small effect on ecosystem
Many species, not many specific adaptations

Question 28

How does greater genetic biodiversity increase a species chance of survival?

Answer 28

More likely to be able to adapt to changes in environment, , as more likely for more of the population to carry an advantageous allele, which allows them to survive in altered conditions

Question 29

2 ways genetic biodiversity can be increased?

Answer 29

Mutations in DNA creating new allele

Interbreeding between different populations, alleles are transferred = gene flow

Question 30

6 ways biodiversity can be decreased?

Answer 30

Selective breeding
Captive breeding
Rare breeds
Artificial cloning
Genetic bottlenecks (only few animals survive natural disaster eg)
Founder effect ( small number of individuals create a new colony)

Question 31

What’s a polymorphic gene?

Answer 31

Have more than one allele

Question 32

Equation which can find genetic diversity?

Answer 32

Proportion of polymorphic gene loci = number of polymorphic gene loci / total number of loci

Question 33

What is the locus?

Answer 33

The position of a gene on a chromosome

Question 34

What’s happened to human population since 1800?

Answer 34

X 7, due to improvements in medicine and housing

Question 35

3 main issues that have come from human growth for biodiversity?

Answer 35

Deforestation
Agriculture
Climate change

Question 36

4 ways deforestation affects biodiversity?

Answer 36

Reduces number of trees
Species diversity reduced if only one species cut down
Destroys habitat, animal numbers reduce
Animals move, increasing biodiversity in other areas

Question 37

5 ways agriculture affects biodiversity?

Answer 37

Deforestation
Removal of hedgecrows
Use of pesticides
Herbicides kill weeds
Monoculture

Question 38

How climate change will affect biodiversity?

Answer 38

Melting of icecaps
Rising sea levels
Higher temp/less rainfall
Insect lifecycles and populations alter