Biochemistry___Lesson-9___Chapter 3.15 and 3.16

Question 1

A discrete unit of inheritance made of DNA.

Answer 1

Gene

Question 2

Deoxyribonucleic acid used to encode genetic information.

Answer 2

DNA

Question 3

A polymer of nucleotides, either DNA or RNA.

Answer 3

NUCLEIC ACID

Question 4

Ribonucleic acid used to assemble amino acids into polypeptides according to the instructions of DNA.

Answer 4

RNA

Question 5

The monomer of nucleic acids.

Answer 5

Nucleotide

Question 6

The sugar portion of a DNA nucleotide.

Answer 6

Deoxyribose

Question 7

The sugar portion of an RNA nucleotide.

Answer 7

Ribose

Question 8

The portion of a nucleotide that encodes genetic information.

Answer 8

Nitrogenous base

Question 9

Two polynucleotides of DNA wound around each other.

Answer 9

Double helix

Question 10

When the information stored in DNA is used to make RNA which is used to make protein.

Answer 10

Gene expression

Question 11

Draw the molecular structure of a nucleotide (you do not have to include the “N”s in the Nitrogenous Base).

Answer 11

Question 12

The sugar portion of a DNA nucleotide.

Answer 12

Deoxyribose

Question 13

What atom is central to biological molecules?

Answer 13

Carbon

Question 14

What are organic molecules?

Answer 14

Biological molecules that contain carbon.

Question 15

What are the 4 main types of organic molecules?

Answer 15

Carbs, Lipids, Protein, Nucleic acids

Question 16

What is the central dogma of biology?

Answer 16

Genetic information is stored as a sequence of A, T, C, G nitrogenous bases (DNA), which are used to make RNA, which are used to link amino acid monomers into polypeptides that fold by primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary folding into a shape that results in a functional protein.

Question 17

What are the 2 types of nucleic acids?

Answer 17

DNA and RNA

Question 18

What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?

Answer 18

Phosphate, sugar, and nitrogenous base

Question 19

What part of the nucleotide is involved in genetic coding?

Answer 19

Nitrogenous base

Question 20

What parts of the nucleotide are involved in making the backbone of the polymer?

Answer 20

Phosphate and sugar

Question 21

What type of reaction can link nucleotide monomers together into a polynucleotide?

Answer 21

Dehydration

Question 22

What type of reaction can break a polynucleotide into nucleotide monomers?

Answer 22

Hydrolysis

Question 23

What holds together the 3-dimensional shape of a DNA double helix?

Answer 23

Hydrogen bonds between the nitrogenous bases.

Question 24

What environmental conditions could denature a DNA double helix?

Answer 24

Temperature, salt concentration, and pH because each of these could interfere with hydrogen bonds, just as they interfere with the hydrogen bonds that hold together the 3-dimensional structure of proteins.

Question 25

Humans are made of cells. Where in a human cell can you find the 4 main types of organic molecules?

Answer 25

Lipids can be found in membranes. Proteins can be found everywhere, including membranes. Carbohydrates can be stored as glycogen or available for energy, in addition to being attached to proteins and a key component of lipids (glycerol) and nucleotides (deoxyribose). Nucleic acids are found in the nucleus if it is DNA, and in both the nucleus and the area outside of the nucleus if it is RNA.