Biochemistry___Lesson-9___Chapter 3.15 and 3.16 Flashcards
A discrete unit of inheritance made of DNA.
Gene
Deoxyribonucleic acid used to encode genetic information.
DNA
A polymer of nucleotides, either DNA or RNA.
NUCLEIC ACID
Ribonucleic acid used to assemble amino acids into polypeptides according to the instructions of DNA.
RNA
The monomer of nucleic acids.
Nucleotide
The sugar portion of a DNA nucleotide.
Deoxyribose
The sugar portion of an RNA nucleotide.
Ribose
The portion of a nucleotide that encodes genetic information.
Nitrogenous base
Two polynucleotides of DNA wound around each other.
Double helix
When the information stored in DNA is used to make RNA which is used to make protein.
Gene expression
Draw the molecular structure of a nucleotide (you do not have to include the āNās in the Nitrogenous Base).
The sugar portion of a DNA nucleotide.
Deoxyribose
What atom is central to biological molecules?
Carbon
What are organic molecules?
Biological molecules that contain carbon.
What are the 4 main types of organic molecules?
Carbs, Lipids, Protein, Nucleic acids
What is the central dogma of biology?
Genetic information is stored as a sequence of A, T, C, G nitrogenous bases (DNA), which are used to make RNA, which are used to link amino acid monomers into polypeptides that fold by primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary folding into a shape that results in a functional protein.
What are the 2 types of nucleic acids?
DNA and RNA
What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?
Phosphate, sugar, and nitrogenous base
What part of the nucleotide is involved in genetic coding?
Nitrogenous base
What parts of the nucleotide are involved in making the backbone of the polymer?
Phosphate and sugar
What type of reaction can link nucleotide monomers together into a polynucleotide?
Dehydration
What type of reaction can break a polynucleotide into nucleotide monomers?
Hydrolysis
What holds together the 3-dimensional shape of a DNA double helix?
Hydrogen bonds between the nitrogenous bases.
What environmental conditions could denature a DNA double helix?
Temperature, salt concentration, and pH because each of these could interfere with hydrogen bonds, just as they interfere with the hydrogen bonds that hold together the 3-dimensional structure of proteins.
