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Biology > Biochemistry___Lesson-6___Chapter 3.1 thru 3.5 and 3.7 > Flashcards

Biochemistry___Lesson-6___Chapter 3.1 thru 3.5 and 3.7 Flashcards

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1
Q

Carbon-based molecules.

A

Organic compound

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2
Q

Molecules with the same formula but different structural arrangements.

A

Isomer

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3
Q

Molecules composed of only hydrogen and carbon.

A

Hydrocarbon

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4
Q

Chemical groups that affect a molecule’s function.

A

Functional groups

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5
Q

Molecules that are soluble in water.

A

Hydrophilic

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6
Q

A hydrogen atom bonded to an oxygen atom.

A

Hydroxyl group

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7
Q

A carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atom.

A

Carbonyl group

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8
Q

A combined carbonyl and hydroxyl.

A

Carboxyl group

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9
Q

A nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms.

A

Amino group

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10
Q

A phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms.

A

Phosphate group

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11
Q

A carbon atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms.

A

Methyl group

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12
Q

Gigantic organic molecules.

A

Macromolecule

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13
Q

A large molecule composed of many smaller units called monomers.

A

Polymer

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14
Q

The building blocks of polymers.

A

Monomer

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15
Q

Water is removed to build polymers from monomers.

A

Dehydration reaction

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16
Q

Water (hydro) breaks (lysis) polymers into monomers.

A

Hydrolysis reaction

17
Q

A macromolecule that speeds up chemical reactions in cells.

A

Enzyme

18
Q

Molecules of CH2O with carbon (carbo) and water (hydrate) like glucose.

A

Carbohydrate

19
Q

Monomers of sugar like glucose.

A

Monosaccharide

20
Q

A common monosaccharide of central importance to biology.

A

Glucose

21
Q

2 monosaccharides connected by a dehydration reaction.

A

Disaccharide

22
Q

Macromolecules that are polymers of monosaccharides.

A

Polysaccharide

23
Q

A polysaccharide in plants for storing glucose.

A

Starch

24
Q

A polysaccharide in animals for storing glucose.

A

Glycogen

25
Q

A polysaccharide in plants for structure.

A

Cellulose

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