Biochemistry___Lesson-6___Chapter 3.1 thru 3.5 and 3.7 Flashcards
Carbon-based molecules.
Organic compound
Molecules with the same formula but different structural arrangements.
Isomer
Molecules composed of only hydrogen and carbon.
Hydrocarbon
Chemical groups that affect a molecule’s function.
Functional groups
Molecules that are soluble in water.
Hydrophilic
A hydrogen atom bonded to an oxygen atom.
Hydroxyl group
A carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atom.
Carbonyl group
A combined carbonyl and hydroxyl.
Carboxyl group
A nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms.
Amino group
A phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms.
Phosphate group
A carbon atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms.
Methyl group
Gigantic organic molecules.
Macromolecule
A large molecule composed of many smaller units called monomers.
Polymer
The building blocks of polymers.
Monomer
Water is removed to build polymers from monomers.
Dehydration reaction
Water (hydro) breaks (lysis) polymers into monomers.
Hydrolysis reaction
A macromolecule that speeds up chemical reactions in cells.
Enzyme
Molecules of CH2O with carbon (carbo) and water (hydrate) like glucose.
Carbohydrate
Monomers of sugar like glucose.
Monosaccharide
A common monosaccharide of central importance to biology.
Glucose
2 monosaccharides connected by a dehydration reaction.
Disaccharide
Macromolecules that are polymers of monosaccharides.
Polysaccharide
A polysaccharide in plants for storing glucose.
Starch
A polysaccharide in animals for storing glucose.
Glycogen
