Biochemistry___Lesson-5___Chapter 2.14 thru 2.16

Question 1

What is a substance that can increase the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution?

Answer 1

Acid

Question 2

What is a substance that can decrease the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution?

Answer 2

Base

Question 3

What is the scale that measures how acidic or basic a solution is?

Answer 3

pH scale

Question 4

What is a substance that can cause a solution to resist a change in hydrogen ion concentration?

Answer 4

pH buffer

Question 5

What is the process by which CO2 dissolved in seawater lowers the pH of the ocean?

Answer 5

Ocean Acidification

Question 6

What is something you can observe that is interesting enough to be the topic of scientific investigation?

Answer 6

Phenomenon

Question 7

What does a person using the scientific method call a broad question with many possible answers?

Answer 7

Scientific Question

Question 8

What is one hypothetical answer to the scientific question that can be tested?

Answer 8

Hypothesis

Question 9

What is a statement in the form of “If”…(state what you will do)… “then”…(state the observation that will support your hypothesis)…?

Answer 9

Prediction

Question 10

What provides a baseline measurement of the phenomenon for comparison?

Answer 10

Control Grup

Question 11

What has only one difference compared to the control group?

Answer 11

Experimental Group

Question 12

What variable indicates the one difference between the cnotrol group and the experimental group (x-axis)?

Answer 12

Independent Variable

Question 13

What variable indicates the phenomenon that you are measuring (y-axis)?

Answer 13

Dependent Variable

Question 14

What variables does a scientist measure to ensure they are the same in both groups?

Answer 14

Controlled Variable

Question 15

What type of graph presents categorical data with rectangular bars?

Answer 15

Bar Graph

Question 16

What type of statistical function indicates the degree to which individuals within a sample differ from the sample mean?

Answer 16

SD

Question 17

What type of statistical function indicates an estimate of how far the sample mean is likely to be from the population mean?

Answer 17

SEM

Question 18

Draw the equations of ocean acidification.

Answer 18

Question 19

Explain the relationship between the concentration of H+, pH, acids, and acidic solutions.

Answer 19

As the concentration of H+ increases, the pH decreases. A substance that causes a decrease in pH is an acid. Solutions at pH 7 are neutral and those that are less than 7 are acidic. As the pH further decreases below 7, the solution becomes more acidic. As a solution increases in pH up to 7 it is becoming less acidic. Above pH 7, a solution is basic.

Question 20

Explain how the burning of fossil fuels destroys coral reefs.

Answer 20

Coral reefs are built by the skeletons of coral animals. These skeletons are built using calcium carbonate. If the concentration of calcium carbonate decreases, then coral skeletons are not made, and coral reefs will disintegrate and disappear.

When fossil fuels are burned, CO2 (carbon dioxide) is released into the atmosphere. CO2 diffuses into the ocean and reacts with water to make carbonic acid. Carbonic acid releases hydrogen ions, which react with (and thus eliminate) carbonate. Reduced carbonate leads to reduced calcium carbonate, which leads to reduced coral skeleton production, which leads to the destruction of coral reefs.

Question 21

Explain why the presence of water is important in the search for extraterrestrial life.

Answer 21

Life on Earth requires 4 things, all of which are provided by water, and there is nothing else that could even provide one of those things, thus it seems that life as we are able to recognize it must be associated with water.
1) Water prevents the planet and organisms from getting too hot or too cold (ocean is a heat buffer / evaporative cooling).
2) Ice floats, which prevents the oceans from freezing solid and killing all life.
3) Water is a solvent that allows organisms to transport materials within their cells.