Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology - Genetics > Biochemistry - Drosophilia Genetic Control > Flashcards

Biochemistry - Drosophilia Genetic Control Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

How can gene-differentiation interactions be identified?

A

Studying abnormalities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Early stages of development in drosophilia…

A

The Earliest stages of development are done-so in the oocyte, where mutations can affect development plan, being maternal-effect genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Maternal Genes

A

Genes whose product are produced or deposited into the oocyte.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where are zygotic genes important?

A

Embryo functioning developmental genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What do zygotic genes do?

A

These interpret/respond to the positional information laid out in the egg by the maternal-effect gees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Pattern in drosophilia.

A

Segementation of 14 denticles, marking the basic insect body plan of 3 thoraic segments, 8 abdominal segments and three head segments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Parasegments

A

Consist of posterior region of one segment and the anterior region of another.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Four types of segmentation genes…

A

Co-ordinate Genes
Gap genes
Pair-rule genes
Segment-polarity genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Co-Ordinate Genes

A

Determine co-ordinate axis of the embryo, that is the anterior-posterior axis and the dorsal-ventral axis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How do the co-ordinate genes define the axis?

A

Polarity and gradients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is anterior/head and thorax formation regulated by?

A

Bicoid gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Bicoid Genes

A

Morphogens control embryonic gene expression by transcriptional activation and translational repression.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the product of the bicoid gene?

A

A TF for anterior-structure genes, produced by nurse cells, exported to anterior region of the oocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Mechanisms of bicoid…

A

Helix-turn-helix domain invades the DNA grooves, the genes activated containing upstream regions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How can bicoid be regulatied?

A

Differences in two nucleotides can regulate bicoid affinity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What do the posterior genes affect?

A

The abdomen

17
Q

What do terminal genes affect?

A

The most posterior and most anterior like the torso gene.

18
Q

Gap Genes

A

Code for variour TF that form short-ragne morphogenic gradients, establishing next level of spatial organization.

19
Q

What are gap genes function?

A

Defined by because mutations result in absence of pattern elements derived from contigous segments

20
Q

Example of a gap gene…

A

Hunchback gene

21
Q

How is hunchback expression is controlled?

A

When the effects of bicoid and nanos genes are offset

22
Q

Function of Nanos…

A

Repress activation of bicoid, establishing an anterior-posterior gradient.

23
Q

Pair-Rule Genes

A

Seperate the embryo into segments

24
Q

Function of pair-rule genes…

A

Distinguish segmentation in the larvae, wiwth repetetiveness and indivdiually of the segments…

25
Q

Example of pair-rule gene…

A

Hairy gene

26
Q

Hairy gene

A

The earliest expressed, positvely/negatively regulated by hunchback/lruppel and other gap genes

27
Q

Segment-Polarity Genes

A

Determine anterior-posterior axis development pattern

28
Q

Function of the segment-polarity gene

A

They create spatial differentiation within each segment…

29
Q

Example of segment-polarity genes…

A

The engrailed gene, dividing segments into anterior/posterior divisions.

30
Q

What do imaginal disks in metamorphis form?

A

Tissues and structures

31
Q

Example of imaginal disk structures?

A

Haltere wing disks

32
Q

What does ecydosone in pupal stage regulate?

A

Break down of larval tissues/organs

33
Q

Homeotic Genes

A

Give rise to identity of the segments, not producing any segments

34
Q

Mutations in homeotic gene…

A

Cause tranformation into irrelevant structures…

35
Q

Example of homeotic mutation?

A

Bithorax where the third thoracic segment into the anterior fo the second thoracic segments results in haltere forming an ADDITIONAL pair of wings.

36
Q

Function of HOX genes?

A

Control differentiation in many organisms of the nervous system, musculature and skeleotns.

37
Q

Example of the HOX gene conservation…

A

PAX6 gene which has identifcal amino acid sequneces in humans and mice AND drosophilia.

38
Q

What is PAX6 foudn in?

A

Planarians, octopus, vertebrates and insect compound eyes.

Biology - Genetics (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions