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Y3- Transition > Biochemistry > Flashcards

Biochemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Which hormone controls water balance?

A

ADH- anti-diuretic hormone

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2
Q

What effect does ADH release have on urine output?

A

Less urine

more water reabsorbed from tubules

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3
Q

Where is ADH released from?

A

Posterior pituitary

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4
Q

How is urine concentration measured?

A

URINE OSMOLALITY (high= more concentrated)

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5
Q

How is sodium balance controlled?

A

By mineralocorticoids (aldosterone) from adrenals

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6
Q

What effect does aldosterone release have on sodium levels?

A

Increased mineralocorticoid= sodium gain

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7
Q

Which body compartments is water confined to?

A

None- present in intracellular + extracellular (plasma + IF)

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8
Q

Which body compartments is sodium confined to?

A

Extracellular fluid

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9
Q

How is sodium movement related to water movement?

A

Sodium follows water!

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10
Q

What is diabetes insipidus?

A

Lack of ADH secretion from pituitary

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11
Q

Symptoms of diabetes insipidus?

A

Lots of dilute urine

High [Na] conc.

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12
Q

Treatment of diabetes insipidus?

A

Desmopressin (exogenous ADH)

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13
Q

Cause of decreased H2O excretion?

A

SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate ADH)

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14
Q

Signs of hyperkalaemia on ECG?

A

Tall tented T waves

Wide QRS

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15
Q

Causes of hyperkalaemia

A 
Renal failure
Hypoaldosteronism
Metabolic acidosis
Rhabdomyolysis
Insulin deficiency
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16
Q

Causes of hypercalcaemia?

A

Hyperparathyroidism

Malignancy

17
Q

People with SIADH usually have associated clinical evidence of water overload, e.g. oedema. T or F?

A

False- normally seem fine (as water is gained to all body compartments)

18
Q

Omeprazole can cause?

A

Hyponatraemia

19
Q

In SIADH, what kind of urine is expected?

A

Small volume of concentrated urine

20
Q

Testing Cushing’s in exogenous steroids?

A

Long synacthen test:

Large dose of synacthen will wake up suppressed adrenals (1mg)

Y3- Transition (9 decks)

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