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Zoology > Biochemistry > Flashcards

Biochemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What are Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFA)?

A

They are volatile 2-5C FA

Polar

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2
Q

Common name for Ethanoic Acid (2C)

A

Acetic Acid

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3
Q

Common name for Propanoic Acid (3C)

A

Propionic Acid

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4
Q

Common name for Butanoic Acid (4C)

A

Butyric Acid

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5
Q

Common name for Pentanoic Acid (5C)

A

Valeric Acid

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6
Q

What odour does Propanoic Acid have?

A

Sweaty

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7
Q

What odour does Butanoic Acid have?

A

Human vomit

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8
Q

What are Long Chain Fatty Acids (LCFA)?

A

Either saturated or unsaturated even number of C >5

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9
Q

What is the effect of increased tail length on saturated FA melting point?

A

Mpt increases as tail length increases - more hydrophobic interactions so pack closer together = more E to overcome interactions

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10
Q

Common name for Hexadecanoic Acid (16C)

A

Palmitic Acid

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11
Q

Common name for Octadecanoic Acid (18C)

A

Stearic Acid

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12
Q

What is the effect of more C=C on the melting point of unsaturated FA?

A

More C=C decreases the mpt. Less tightly packed as fewer hydrophobic interactions so less E to overcome.

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13
Q

Position and number of C=C in Octadecenoic Acid

A

18C. 1 C=C, position 9 (18:1)

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14
Q

Position and number of C=C in Octadecadienoic Acid

A

18C. 2 C=C, positions 9, 12 (18:2)

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15
Q

Position and number of C=C in Octadecatrinoic Acid

A

18C. 3 C=C, positions 9, 12, 15 (18:3)

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16
Q

Common name for Octadecenoic Acid (18:1)

A

Oleic Acid

17
Q

Common name for Octadecadienoic Acid (18:2)

A

Linoleic Acid

18
Q

Common name for Octadecatrienoic Acid (18:3)

A

alpha-linolenic Acid

19
Q

Reactions of FA

A
  1. Condensation
    (FA + alcohol –> ester + water)
  2. Hydrolysis

(ester + water –> FA + alcohol)

20
Q

What are acylglycerols/acylglycerides?

A

FA + glycerol (ester bond) –> acylglycerol + water (condensation reaction)

21
Q

Function of triacylglycerols?

A

Energy store i.e. seeds or adipose tissue

22
Q

Characteristics of energy stores?

A
  • Compact
  • Easy access
  • High E/ low density
  • Insoluble
  • High E/ low volume
  • Readily stored and released
  • Separated from cell contents (e.g. dense lipid droplets)
23
Q

Chemical reactions of TAG?

A
  1. Hydrolysis
  2. Saponification
    TAG + NaOH/ KOH –> glycerol + FA salts (soap)
  3. Iodination
    saturated FA + I2 –> unsaturated FA
  4. Hydrogenation
    unsaturated FA + H2 –> saturated FA
24
Q

What is the Saponification Value?

A

mg of KOH needed to saponify 1g of oil or fat

high value = lots of short chains (lower weight so more KOH/g)
low value = lots of long chains

i.e. chainlength

25
Q

What is the Iodine Number?

A

g of iodine which will combine with 100g of oil or fat

high value = lots of C=C/ high proportion of unsaturated FA
low value = fewer C=C/ lower proportion of saturated FA

i.e. number of C=C

26
Q

X groups of phospholipids/phosphoglycerols`

A
  • Serine
  • Ethanolamine
  • Choline
27
Q

Phospholipid nomenclature

A

phophatidyl-X

28
Q

Structures formed by amphipathic phospholipids

A
  • Monolayers (liquid-air interface)
  • Micelles
  • Bilayers (liquid-liquid interface)
29
Q

Components of biological bilayer membranes

A
  • Sterols i.e. cholesterol, stigmasterol
  • Proteins
  • Carbohydrates
30
Q

Types of membrane proteins

A
  • Integral - span membrane or partial immersion

- Peripheral

31
Q

Types of membrane transport

A
  1. Diffusion
  2. Facilitated Diffusion - carrier or channel proteins
  3. Active transport - primary (ATP hydrolysis) or secondary (co-transport)
  4. Osmosis
32
Q

What is tonicity?

A

Osmotic pressure which is only exerted by solutes which cannot pass membranes. These solutes cause water to move from lower to higher tonicity.

Zoology (5 decks)

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