Biochemistry Flashcards
what are the types of intermolecular bonding
Forces of attraction
LDF
Dipole dipole
- hydrogen bonding
ion dipole
hydrophobic interaction
What are the types of Intramolecular bonding
Covalent
- polar covalen
-nonpolar covalent
Ionic
What is hydrophobic interaction intermolecular force
Non polar molecule
excludes water by spontaneously combining
ex oil
Examples of polar covalent bonds 5
4
OH
NH
SH
FH
HCl
Examples of Non polar covalent bonds
H2
CH
Diatomic
Define electronegativity
attraction of atoms for electrons
Polar bonds vs polar molecules
Polar Bonds - when one atom is more electronegative than another
Polar molecule - when one side has more electrons than another
molecule is asymmetrical
depends on shape of molecule
What must a molecule have to have hydrogen bond
Must have hydrogen
and oxygen, Nitrogen or fluorine
both molecules in hydrogen bonding need to follow those atom rules
How are hydrophobic interactions different than other forces of attraction
do not need energy
occur spontaneously
non polar molecules associate with each other, exclude polar molecules
What is ion dipole intermolecular force
occurs between ion and dipole
stronger than hydrogen bonding
What are the properties of water
8
High heat of fusion
high heat of vaporization
high specific heat capacity
low density solid
adhesion
cohesion
good solvent
Dissociation
Cohesion vs adhesion also importance in biology
Cohesion - water sticks to itself, surface tension
- Helps water move up tree
Adhesion - water sticks to other things
- water moves up tree against gravity
Why is water cohesive and adehesive
Cohesive - hydrogen bonding between other molecules
Adhesive - polarity of molecule causes other molecules to have dipoles
What is low density solid property also importance
when water is solid it has lower density
only type of matter than does that
When water freezes hydrogen keeps regular shape
Ice floats for polar bears
Insulates water underneath , leaves room for fish
What is high specific heat capacity and importance
Also what is it on heat graph
Amount of heat needed to increase the temp of what is relatively high
Steep slope = higher heat capacity
Water in body keeps us cool
regulate climate near bodies of water
keep temp nice for fish
What is high heat of vaporization and also imortancee
flat part of graph
amt of heat it takes to al vaporize
More heat is taken with sweat as it evaporates
What is high heat of fusion
relatively high amount of heat is needed to turn solid to liquid
Why is water good solvent also importance
Due to its polarity
forms a hydrogen shell around atoms which helps it split up
The human body relies on stuff dissolved in water,
ex salts and minerals
What is the dissociation property of water also importance
Rare and reversable
organisms are sensitive to ph change
water can split up into H + HO
What experiments did we do in class for properties of water
Balloons over candle
- high heat capacity - takes longer for balloon with water to burst
Alcohol vs water evaporation
-high heat of vaporization - it takes more heat for the water to evaporate
How do diff properties change the heat graph
Heat of vaporization/fusion - look at length of line, see change in heat
specific heat capacity - look at slope, heat/temp steaper it is the higher the capacity
What is alcohol/ hydoxyl group
-OH
What is Ether/alkoxy
-O-
What is ALdehyde/carbonyl (aldo)
O
||
- C- H
At the end of a group
COH, O is double bonded to C
What is Carboxylic Acid
O
||
- C- O- H
like carbonyl but extra O after C
-COOH
What is AMines (amino)
-N-
Anything with N
cannot have double bond
What are thiols
-S -H
sulfur and hydrogen
What is Ketone (carbonyl, keto)
O
||
- C -
In the middle of chain
-CO-
What is an ester (acyl)
O
||
- C - O-
Like ketone but with extra O
-COO-
in the middle of chain
What is AMide
O
||
- C- N -
|
H
Can have any num of H
Can be in middle or end of molecule
-CONH-
What is phosphate
WHen phosphorus is connected to 4 Os
Os can have diff attachements (H, nothing, carbon)
