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Biology 12 > Biochemistry > Flashcards

Biochemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the types of intermolecular bonding

A

Forces of attraction
LDF
Dipole dipole
- hydrogen bonding
ion dipole
hydrophobic interaction

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2
Q

What are the types of Intramolecular bonding

A

Covalent
- polar covalen
-nonpolar covalent
Ionic

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3
Q

What is hydrophobic interaction intermolecular force

A

Non polar molecule
excludes water by spontaneously combining
ex oil

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4
Q

Examples of polar covalent bonds

4

A

OH
NH
SH
FH
HCl

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5
Q

Examples of Non polar covalent bonds

A

H2
CH
Diatomic

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6
Q

Define electronegativity

A

attraction of atoms for electrons

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7
Q

Polar bonds vs polar molecules

A

Polar Bonds - when one atom is more electronegative than another

Polar molecule - when one side has more electrons than another
molecule is asymmetrical
depends on shape of molecule

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8
Q

What must a molecule have to have hydrogen bond

A

Must have hydrogen
and oxygen, Nitrogen or fluorine
both molecules in hydrogen bonding need to follow those atom rules

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9
Q

How are hydrophobic interactions different than other forces of attraction

A

do not need energy
occur spontaneously
non polar molecules associate with each other, exclude polar molecules

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10
Q

What is ion dipole intermolecular force

A

occurs between ion and dipole
stronger than hydrogen bonding

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11
Q

What are the properties of water

8

A

High heat of fusion
high heat of vaporization
high specific heat capacity
low density solid
adhesion
cohesion
good solvent
Dissociation

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12
Q

Cohesion vs adhesion also importance in biology

A

Cohesion - water sticks to itself, surface tension
- Helps water move up tree
Adhesion - water sticks to other things
- water moves up tree against gravity

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13
Q

Why is water cohesive and adehesive

A

Cohesive - hydrogen bonding between other molecules
Adhesive - polarity of molecule causes other molecules to have dipoles

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14
Q

What is low density solid property also importance

A

when water is solid it has lower density
only type of matter than does that
When water freezes hydrogen keeps regular shape
Ice floats for polar bears
Insulates water underneath , leaves room for fish

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15
Q

What is high specific heat capacity and importance

Also what is it on heat graph

A

Amount of heat needed to increase the temp of what is relatively high
Steep slope = higher heat capacity
Water in body keeps us cool
regulate climate near bodies of water
keep temp nice for fish

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16
Q

What is high heat of vaporization and also imortancee

A

flat part of graph
amt of heat it takes to al vaporize
More heat is taken with sweat as it evaporates

17
Q

What is high heat of fusion

A

relatively high amount of heat is needed to turn solid to liquid

18
Q

Why is water good solvent also importance

A

Due to its polarity
forms a hydrogen shell around atoms which helps it split up
The human body relies on stuff dissolved in water,
ex salts and minerals

19
Q

What is the dissociation property of water also importance

A

Rare and reversable
organisms are sensitive to ph change
water can split up into H + HO

20
Q

What experiments did we do in class for properties of water

A

Balloons over candle
- high heat capacity - takes longer for balloon with water to burst
Alcohol vs water evaporation
-high heat of vaporization - it takes more heat for the water to evaporate

21
Q

How do diff properties change the heat graph

A

Heat of vaporization/fusion - look at length of line, see change in heat
specific heat capacity - look at slope, heat/temp steaper it is the higher the capacity

22
Q

What is alcohol/ hydoxyl group

A

-OH

23
Q

What is Ether/alkoxy

A

-O-

24
Q

What is ALdehyde/carbonyl (aldo)

A

O
||
- C- H
At the end of a group
COH, O is double bonded to C

25
Q

What is Carboxylic Acid

A

O
||
- C- O- H
like carbonyl but extra O after C
-COOH

26
Q

What is AMines (amino)

A

-N-
Anything with N
cannot have double bond

27
Q

What are thiols

A

-S -H
sulfur and hydrogen

28
Q

What is Ketone (carbonyl, keto)

A

O
||
- C -
In the middle of chain
-CO-

29
Q

What is an ester (acyl)

A

O
||
- C - O-
Like ketone but with extra O
-COO-
in the middle of chain

30
Q

What is AMide

A

O
||
- C- N -
|
H
Can have any num of H
Can be in middle or end of molecule
-CONH-

31
Q

What is phosphate

A

WHen phosphorus is connected to 4 Os
Os can have diff attachements (H, nothing, carbon)

Biology 12 (6 decks)

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