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Biochemistry > Biochem Exam 3: Regulation Of OxPhos > Flashcards

Biochem Exam 3: Regulation Of OxPhos Flashcards

1
Q

How do electrons flow in the ETC when looking at redox potential?

A

Lower redox potential to highest redox potential

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2
Q

T/F

Change in redox potential (E) and change in energy (G) are inversely related

A

True

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3
Q

What 2 factors constitute a proton-motive force (PMF) to drive ATP synthesis by complex V?

A
  1. PH gradient

2. Membrane potential

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4
Q

What 3 postulates does the chemiosmotic theory consist of?

A
  1. Mitochondrial electron transport chain translocates protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane
  2. ATP synthase uses pmf to drive phosphorylation
  3. Inner mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to H+ & OH- ions.
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5
Q

What type of structure is the ATP synthase (complex V)?

A

Ball and stick

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6
Q

This subunit is the stick subunit embedded in membrane (has proton channel). What subunit is it?

A

Fo

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7
Q

This subunit is the ball subunit; it protrudes into the matrix side (contains catalytic domains). What subunit is it?

A

F1 subunit

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8
Q

What is the F1 subunit made of in ATP synthase?

A

Alpha 3, beta 3, gamma, delta, epsilon

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9
Q

How are the alpha and beta arranged in the ATP synthase F1 subunit?

A

Alternating in a hexameric ring

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10
Q

Which part of F1 subunit is catalytically active?

A

Beta

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11
Q

What is the stalk of the F1 subunit made of?

A

Gamma and epsilon

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12
Q

Which of the stalk extends down into the alpha, beta hexamer in ATP synthase for subunit F1?

A

Gamma (long helical coil)

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13
Q

What part of the mitochondria allows for the proton gradient to be near ATP synthase?

A

Cristae

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14
Q

T/F

Oligomycin helps ATP synthase (complex V)

A

False!

Oligomycin disrupts proton transport though the channel

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15
Q

How many protons need to travel through the ATP synthase?

A

4;

3 to spin it and one to pair with ADP

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16
Q

What is the ATP & ADP carrier?

A

ATP-ADP translocaase family (located in outer and inner membrane)
-Coupled together

17
Q

What are the two shuttle system for NADH across the mitochondrial membrane?

A
  1. Malate-Aspartate shuttle

2. Glycerophosphate shuttle

18
Q

Where does the malate-Aspartate shuttle happen?

A

Heart, liver, and kidneys

19
Q

Where does the malate-Aspartate shuttle release NADH into the ETC?

A

Complex 1

20
Q

Where does the glycerophosphate-shuttle happen?

A

Skeletal muscle and brain

21
Q

Where does it release it’s compound (FADH2) in the ETC?

A

CoQ & pyruvate to the TCA(complex II)

22
Q 
What inhibits complex 1:
A. Amytal Rotenone Myxothiazol Piercidin A
B. Malonate
C. Antimycin
D. Co, cyanide, H2S
E. Oligomycin
A

A. Amytal, Rotenone, Myxothiazol, Piericidin A

23
Q 
What inhibits complex 2:
A. Amytal, Rotenone, Myxothiazol, Piericidin A
B. Malonate
C. Antimycin
D. Co, cyanide, H2S
E. Oligomycin
A

B. Malonate

24
Q 
What inhibits complex 3:
A. Amytal, Rotenone, Myxothiazol, Piericidin A
B. Malonate
C. Antimycin
D. Co, cyanide, H2S
E. Oligomycin
A

C. Antimycin

25
Q 
What inhibits complex IV:
A. Amytal, Rotenone, Myxothiazol, Piericidin A
B. Malonate
C. Antimycin
D. Co, cyanide, H2S
E. Oligomycin
A

D. CO, Cyanide, H2S

26
Q 
What inhibits complex 5:
A. Amytal, Rotenone, Myxothiazol, Piericidin A
B. Malonate
C. Antimycin
D. Co, cyanide, H2S
E. Oligomycin
A

E. Oligomycin

27
Q

How does 2,4-dinitrophenol inhibit ATP synthase?

A

Dissipates the proton gradient

28
Q

How does atractyloside and bongkrekic acid inhibit ATP synthase?

A

Inhibit ATP-ADP translocase

29
Q

In cancers ATP syntase is upregulated. It facilitates the switch from aerobic to anaerobic respiration. This is known as what effect?

A

Warburg

30
Q

What is the inner mitochondrial membrane’s uncoupling protein?

A

UCP 1 aka thermogenesis

31
Q

What happens when protons flow down UCP1 instead of the ATP synthase complex?

A

Generates heat

32
Q

What role does uncoupling reaction play in everyday life?

A

Energy homeostasis

33
Q

Why is DNP (Nitrogenphenol) called the “nope” drug?

A

It bypasses ATP synthase and produces heat

Biochemistry (9 decks)

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