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Biochemistry > Biochem 3: Integration Of Metabolism > Flashcards

Biochem 3: Integration Of Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

Overweight BMI is defined as a BMI of ____

A

Greater than 25

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2
Q

Obesity is defined as having a BMI of_______

A

Greater than 30

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3
Q

T/F

Obesity is a risk factor for diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, cancer and neruodegeneratvie disorders

A

True

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4
Q

What are two short term signals form the GI tract to induce satiety?

A
  1. CCK (cholecystokinin)

2. GLP-1

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5
Q

What family does CCK belong to?

A

Peptide hormones secreted into blood by cells in the duodenum and jejunum regions of the small intestine

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6
Q

How are CCK secreted into the blood?

A

Via a postprandial signal

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7
Q

What is CCk’s receptor?

A

G-protein-coupled receptor located in various peripheral neurons

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8
Q

T/F

CCK also helps in digestion, stimulating secretion of pancreatic enzymes and bile salts from gallbladder?

A

True

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9
Q

What is GLP-1?

A

Peptide hormone

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10
Q

How is GLP-1 secreted?

A

By intestinal L cells in GI tract

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11
Q

What is GLP-1’s receptor?

A

G-protein-coupled receptor

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12
Q

What does GLIP-1 do?

A

Potentiates glucose induced insulin secretion by beta cells of pancreas and inhibits glucagon secretion

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13
Q

This peptide is short term and secreted by the stomach. It acts on regions of the hypothalamus to stimulate appetite through its receptor?

A

Ghrelin

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14
Q

T/F

Ghrelin secretion increases before a meal and decreases afterward

A

True

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15
Q

What are two long term control over caloric homeostasis?

A
  1. Leptin

2. Insulin

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16
Q

Secreted by adipocytes (reports on the status of the triacylglycerol stores)

A

Leptin

17
Q

Secreted by beta cells of pancreas (reports on the status of blood glucose)

A

Insulin

18
Q

What are the secrete signal molecules for Leptin called?

A

Adipokines ( Leptin, adiponectin)

19
Q

How much Leptin is secreted?

A

Directly proportional to amount of fat

20
Q

This increases the sensitivity of muscle and liver to insulin, stimulates beta oxidation of fatty acids and decreases triacylglycerol synthesis

A

Leptin

21
Q

In the brain, Leptin binds to ________

A

Accurate nucleus of hypothalamus

22
Q

What neurons active appetite?

A 
Neuropeptide Y (NPY)
Agouti-related peptide (AgRP)
23
Q

This hormone represses the desire to eat by preventing the release of NPY & AgRP

A

Leptin

24
Q

What is defined as the cellular energy sensor?

A

AMPK

25
Q

What two hormones use AMPK

A

Leptin and adiponectin

26
Q

When ATP is high, AMPK is ________

A

Inactive

27
Q

T/F

Insulin deficiency or resistance can lead to hyperglycemia, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes

A

True

28
Q

What is the insulting receptor?

A

Tyrosine kinase receptor

29
Q
  1. PI3k & IRS1 bind to convert pip2 into pip3
  2. Pip3 phosphorylated kinases AKt (PKB)
    What transporter does akt bring to the surface and what does it inhibit?
A

GLUT4

Inhibits glycogen synthase

30
Q

What are 3 ways to control the insulin signal?

A
  1. Dephosphoylyate the tyrosine phosphatase IB
  2. PTEN, dephosphoylates PIP3
  3. IRS phosphorylated by ser/the kinases.
31
Q

What do SOCS do?

A

Interact with insulin receptor and IRS 1 and facilitate their proteolytic degradation by the proteasome complex

32
Q

Glucose is over produced by the liver and underutilized by other organs

A

Diabetes mellitus

33
Q

What is the most common metabolic disease in the world?

A

Type 2 diabetes

34
Q

A cluster of pathologies (insulin resistance ,hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia) that proceeds type 2 diabetes. What is it?

A

Metabolic syndrome

35
Q

What tissues accumulates fat once the storage capacity is reached?

A

Liver and muscles

Biochemistry (9 decks)

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