biochem exam 2- fatty acids

Question 1

Four sections in De Novo synthesis

Answer 1

1. De Novo synthesis
2. Beta-oxidation
3. essential fatty acids
4. ketone bodies

Question 2

De Novo synthesis (generalized process)

Answer 2

incorporates carbons from acetyl-coA into the growing fatty acid chain (two carbon units at a time)

Question 3

De Novo synthesis- tissue

Answer 3

liver, lactating mammary glands,adiposetissue

Question 4

De Novo synthesis- location

Answer 4

cytosol

Question 5

De Novo synthesis= rate-limiting step

Answer 5

1. Acetyl-coA
2. acetyl-coA carboxylase
3. malonyl-coA

Question 6

De Novo synthesis- end result

Answer 6

palmitic acid (16:0)

Question 7

fatty acids: beta oxidation- location

Answer 7

mitochondrial matrix

Question 8

fatty acids- beta oxidation-generalized process

Answer 8

1. fatty acyl coA (chain shorter than 12 C’s can pass through without shuttle)
2. the active form of a FA is with coA cannot pass through inner mito membrane; must remove coA, place carnitine (carnitine shuttle), then FA is transported from the cytosol to mitochondria.
3. Put coA back on FA
4. Then remove 2-carbon fragments at a time

Question 9

end result of beta oxidation of fatty acids

Answer 9

acetyl-coA (two carbons) or propionyl (three carbons)

Question 10

essential fatty acids

Answer 10

primary essential fatty acids: linoleic acid, alpha linoleic acid, arachidonic acid

Question 11

ketone bodies of fatty acids

Answer 11

primary ketone bodies: acetoacetate, acetone, three-hydroxybutyrate

Question 12

ketone bodies-primary ketone bodies: uncontrolled type 1 diabetes (diabetic ketoacidosis)

Answer 12

high levels of ketone body formation (specially acetone) rise in the blood and urine— symptom of this is fruity odor of the breath.