BIO044 - Lab 1 Flashcards
1
Q
- A branch of biology that focuses on the study of the structure of organisms in both internal and external parts
A
Anatomy
2
Q
- This refers to the direction of the normal position of an animal
A
Standard Anatomical Position
3
Q
- This refers to the direction of the normal position of an animal
A
Standard Anatomical Position
4
Q
- The standard anatomical position of humans
A
vertical/erect/upright
5
Q
- The standard anatomical position of tetrapod (4-legged) animals
A
Horizontal
6
Q
- The head end; the direction toward the head
A
Cephalic / Cranial / Anterior (Superior for human)
7
Q
- The tail end; the direction toward the tail (In humans, the direction towards the foot)
A
Caudal / Posterior (Inferior for humans)
8
Q
- The back (for humans), the upper side (for horizontal animals)
A
Dorsal (Posterior in humans)
9
Q
- The front (for humans), the upperside (for horizontal animals)
A
Ventral (Anterior in humans)
10
Q
- The sides (Sinistral if left side), (Dextral if right side)
A
Lateral
11
Q
- The middle
A
Median
12
Q
- Describes a position that is closer to the median of the body or near a major point of reference (ex. my elbow is more proximal to my shoulder than my fingers)
A
Proximal
13
Q
- Describe a position that is further from the median of the body or away from a major point of reference (ex. My toes are more distal to my hips than my knee)
A
Distal
14
Q
- A position that is towards the hand/forepaw from the median
A
Palmer
15
Q
- A position that is towards the foot/hindpaw form the median
A
Planter
16
Q
- A position that is towards the nose
A
Rostral
17
Q
- Are hypothetical planes used to transect or divide the body
A
Anatomical Planes
18
Q
- Three (3) principle planes used in anatomy
A
Sagittal/Median Plane, Frontal/Coronal Plane, Transverse Plane/Cross Section
19
Q
- Divides the body into left and right sides
A
Sagittal/Median Plane
20
Q
- The sagittal plane is directly on the median line of the body, dividing the body into equal left and right sides
A
Midsagittal
21
Q
- The sagittal plane is not on the median line, but is parallel to it. The body is divided into unequal left and right sides
A
Parasagittal
22
Q
- Divides the body into front and back / dorsal and ventral sides
A
Frontal / Coronal Plane
23
Q
- Divides the body into cranial and caudal parts (superior or inferior parts); or any plane that cuts vertically across the body at right angles to the sagittal plane
A
Transverse Plane / Cross Section
24
Q
- No symmetry, no definite form, or the body cannot be divided by planes into similar parts
A
Asymmetrical
25
Q
- Ball-like; can be divided into 2 similar parts by a cut in any direction through the center
A
Spherical Symmetry
26
Q
- A number of planes can be drawn through the center, dividing the body into many equal parts. The animal possesses a number of similar parts (called antimeres), which radiate out from a central axis
A
Radial Symmetry
27
Q
- refers to the center axis of the organism
A
Central
28
Q
- refers to the side of the radial animal where the mouth is located
A
Oral side
29
Q
- refers to the side of the radial animal opposite to the oral side
A
Aboral side
30
Q
- There is only one plane through which the body can be divided into 2 equal parts (left and right)
A
Bilateral Symmetry
31
Q
- The animal is so well-constructed that some organs are also arranged in pairs on either side of the axis
A
Bilateral Symmetry
32
Q
- Bilateral animals are the only ones that display
A
Cephalization
33
Q
- They possess a head which contain the chief nervous organ and main sense organs
A
Cephalization
34
Q
- Which is the repetition of structural subunits when the body is composed of more or less similar parts (each subunit/part is called a metamere or segment)
A
Metamerism
35
Q
- External and internal structures divided into similar units
A
Homologous segmentations
36
Q
- Animals that are divided into unequal segments/metameres
A
Heteronomous segmentation
36
Q
- External and internal structures divided into similar units
A
Homologous segmentations
